<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2011-7582</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Cirugía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev. colomb. cir.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2011-7582</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2011-75822021000200193</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30944/20117582.716</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Pruebas diagnósticas: Fundamentos de los estudios diagnósticos, evaluación de la validez e interpretación clínica de sus resultados]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Diagnostic tests: Fundamentals of diagnostic studies, validity assessment and clinical interpretation of the results]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torregroza-Diazgranados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo de Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica de Cirugía de Mama  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>193</fpage>
<lpage>204</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2011-75822021000200193&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2011-75822021000200193&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2011-75822021000200193&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El propósito de esta publicación es describir los fundamentos de los estudios diagnósticos, proporcionando elementos de juicio para evaluar la validez, puntualizar sobre las medidas de utilidad o rendimiento de las mismas y resaltar la importancia de los estudios diagnósticos en la práctica clínica usual. Dentro de los fundamentos de las pruebas diagnósticas se explican los principios básicos sobre las pruebas diagnósticas, la estructura de estas y se detalla cómo se analizan los resultados de la prueba diagnóstica de interés y los resultados de la prueba diagnóstica de referencia. Se evalúa la validez de una prueba diagnóstica examinando tres criterios importantes que sustentan la solidez metodológica de este tipo de estudio: representatividad, constatación y determinación. Por otro lado, se estudia el primer tipo de medidas de rendimiento de una prueba diagnóstica, las medidas de probabilidad (sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo, valor predictivo negativo). Cuando los resultados de una prueba diagnóstica son expresados en una escala cuantitativa continua es necesario escoger &#8220;el mejor punto de corte&#8221; que se corresponda con una alta sensibilidad y especificidad, para así distinguir los enfermos de los sanos. Con este fin, podemos utilizar las propiedades de la curva COR (acrónimo de Característica Operativa del Receptor). En la presente publicación se describe y pormenoriza la construcción de la curva COR y se puntualiza sobre la mejor manera de analizarla y sacarle provecho. Por último, se ilustra cómo un estudio diagnóstico cambia el paradigma de manejo de una enfermedad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The purpose of this publication is to describe the fundamentals of diagnostic studies, providing elements of judgment to evaluate their validity, to point out their usefulness or performance measures, and to highlight the importance of diagnostic studies in usual clinical practice. Within the fundamentals of diagnostic tests, the basic principles of diagnostic tests, their structure, and how the results of the diagnostic test of interest and the results of the reference diagnostic test are analyzed and explained. The validity of a diagnostic test is evaluated by examining three important criteria that support the methodological soundness of this type of study: representativeness, verification, and determination. On the other hand, the first type of performance measures of a diagnostic test are studied, the probability measures (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value). When the results of a diagnostic test are expressed on a continuous quantitative scale, it is necessary to choose the best cut-off point that corresponds to high sensitivity and specificity, in order to distinguish the sick from the healthy. To this end, we can use the properties of the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) curve. In this publication, the construction of the ROC curve is described and detailed, and the best way to analyze it and take advantage of it is specified. Finally, it illustrates how a diagnostic study changes the paradigm of disease management.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diagnóstico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[técnicas y procedimientos diagnósticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prueba de laboratorio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sensibilidad y especificidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[valor predictivo de las pruebas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[curva COR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diagnosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diagnostic techniques and procedures]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[laboratory test]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sensitivity and specificity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[predictive value of tests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ROC curve]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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