<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2011-7582</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Cirugía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev. colomb. cir.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2011-7582</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2011-75822022000400673</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30944/20117582.2105</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Pruebas diagnósticas de tamizaje]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Diagnostic screening tests]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torregroza-Diazgranados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo de Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torregroza-Castilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica de Cirugía de Mama  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá, D.C. ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Rosario  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá, D.C. ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>673</fpage>
<lpage>683</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2011-75822022000400673&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2011-75822022000400673&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2011-75822022000400673&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción.  Las pruebas diagnósticas de tamizaje son aquellas pruebas que son capaces de identificar un factor de riesgo o mutaciones genéticas que predicen el inicio ulterior de la enfermedad, así como también las pruebas que ponen de manifiesto alteraciones estructurales de la enfermedad antes que la enfermedad progrese y se vuelva sintomática.  Métodos.  Se hizo una revisión de la literatura para establecer los fundamentos teóricos científicos que sustentan a las pruebas de diagnóstico de tamizaje y las condiciones y requisitos que se deben cumplir para introducirlas en el ámbito clínico o como programas de salud pública.  Resultados.  Se estableció la diferencia conceptual entre la detección precoz y el diagnóstico temprano y la diferencia entre tamizaje de prevalencia y tamizaje de incidencia. Se dieron a conocer las indicaciones y criterios científicos para la realización de las pruebas de tamizaje. Se puntualizó la importancia de la duración del tiempo de adelanto en la eficacia de las pruebas diagnósticas de detección precoz. Se argumentaron las razones por las cuales era necesario la realización de experimentos clínicos aleatorizados para evaluar la eficacia de las pruebas diagnósticas de detección precoz en la prevención secundaria de la enfermedad.  Conclusiones.  Las pruebas diagnósticas de tamizaje hacen posible la introducción de intervenciones en el ámbito de la prevención primaria, como también en el escenario de la prevención secundaria de las enfermedades.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction. Screening diagnostic tests are those tests that help to identify a risk factor or genetic mutations that predict the subsequent onset of the disease, as well as tests that reveal structural alterations of the disease before the disease progresses and becomes symptomatic.  Methods. A literature review was performed to establish the scientific theoretical fundamentals that support diagnostic screening tests and the conditions and requirements that must be met to introduce them in the clinical setting or as public health programs.  Results. The conceptual difference between early detection and early diagnosis and the difference between prevalence screening and incidence screening was established. Indications and scientific criteria for conducting screening tests were presented. The importance of the duration of the lead time in the efficacy of early detection diagnostic tests was pointed out. The reasons why it was necessary to carry out a randomized clinical experiment to evaluate the efficacy of early detection diagnostic tests for early diagnosis in the secondary prevention of the disease were confronted.  Conclusions. Screening diagnostic tests make it possible to introduce interventions in the field of primary prevention, as well as in the setting of secondary prevention of diseases.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diagnóstico precoz]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tamizaje masivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[técnicas y procedimientos diagnósticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[programas de detección diagnóstica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[valor predictivo de las pruebas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[early diagnosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mass screening]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diagnostic techniques and procedures]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diagnostic screening programs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[predictive value of tests]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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