<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2027-4688</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Fronteras de la Historia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Front. hist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2027-4688</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2027-46882023000200021</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22380/20274688.2489</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El palenque de Limón por medio de la voz de un cimarrón, provincia de Cartagena (siglo XVII)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Palenque of Limón through the Voice of a Maroon, Province of Cartagena (17 th Century)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarrete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>21</fpage>
<lpage>49</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2027-46882023000200021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2027-46882023000200021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2027-46882023000200021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El artículo tiene como propósito relatar aspectos de la vida del palenque de Limón, por medio de la voz de uno de los cimarrones: Francisco de la Fuente, el Morisco. En tal sentido, contará partes de su vida en el palenque, sus acciones y las del colectivo de pobladores. Pretende responder a interrogantes tales como: el poder hegemónico de las autoridades en relación con las actitudes de los cimarrones de Limón, las reacciones del Morisco y los cimarrones ante el poder hegemónico, el discurso oculto de subversión de los cimarrones frente a las autoridades y las relaciones de poder entre los cimarrones del palenque de Limón. Conceptualmente, el artículo se apoya en los estudios subalternos de Saurabh Dube y Ranahit Guha y en el estudio de los grupos subordinados de James Scott; de manera particular, en los conceptos de discurso público y discurso oculto. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, propone la historia testimonial de Martin Lienhard para recuperar la voz del cimarrón y la descripción del contexto del palenque de Limón, y se reconocen las distorsiones propias del historiador con respecto a las voces de los subalternos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The purpose of this article is to narrate aspects of life in the palenque of Limón through the voice of one of the cimarrones: Francisco de la Fuente, the Morisco. It will recount parts of his life in the palenque, his actions and those of the collective of settlers. It aims to answer issues such as: The hegemonic power of the authorities vis-à-vis the attitudes of the maroons of Limón; the reactions of the Morisco and the maroons to the hegemonic power; the hidden discourse of subversion of the maroons vis-à-vis the authorities; the power relations among the maroons of the palenque of Limón. Conceptually, the article is based on the subaltern studies of Saurabh Dube and Ranahit Guha, and on the study of subordinate groups by James Scott, particularly on the concepts of &#8220;public discourse&#8221; and &#8220;hidden discourse&#8221;. Methodologically, it proposes Martin Lienhard&#8217;s &#8220;testimonial history&#8221; to recover the voice of the maroon and the description of the context of the palenque of Limón. The author is aware of the historian&#8217;s own distortions regarding the voices of the subalterns.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cimarrón]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[palenque]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[subalterno]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hegemonía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia testimonial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Maroon]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[palenque]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[subaltern]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hegemony]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[testimonial history]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Patronato (P), 234, R. 7]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Linda]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Problem of Speaking for Others]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cultural Critique]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>5-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cándido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Women in Angola]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Curto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resistencia a escravidao na África: o caso dos escravos fugitivos recapturados em Angola, 1846-1876]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Afro-Asia]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>67-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[De]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[María Inês]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quem eram os negros da Guiné? A origem dos africanos na Bahía]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Afro-Asia]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<numero>19/20</numero>
<issue>19/20</issue>
<page-range>37-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dube]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Saurabh]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sujetos subalternos: capítulos de una historia antropológica]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roquinaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biografia como historia social. O clan Ferreira Gomes e os mundos da escravizacao no Atlántico Sul]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Varia Historia]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>51</numero>
<issue>51</issue>
<page-range>659-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flavio dos Santos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A hidra e os pantanos. Mocambos, quilombos e comunidades de fugitivos no Brasil (séculos XVII-XIX)]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Pablo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora UNESP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ranahit]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las voces de la historia y otros estudios subalternos]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Crítica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heywood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Linda]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thornton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1600]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lienhard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cimarronaje e &#8216;historia oral&#8217;: de la Luisiana española (1789) a Puerto Rico (1826)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Repensando el pasado, recuperando el futuro. Nuevos aportes interdisciplinarios para el estudio de la América colonial]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>237-51</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontificia Universidad Javeriana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lienhard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Disidentes, rebeldes, insurgentes. Resistencia indígena y negra en América Latina: ensayos de historia testimonial]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Iberoamericana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mcknight]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kathryn Joy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Confronted Rituals: Spanish Colonial and Angola &#8216;Maroon&#8217; Executions in Cartagena de Indias (1634)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mcknight]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kathryn Joy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gendered Declarations: Testimonies of Three Captured Maroon Women, Cartagena de Indias, 1634]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colonial Latin American Historical Review]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>499-527</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarrete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El palenque de Limón (Cartagena de Indias, siglo XVII): el imaginario del poder y sus jerarquías]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Serna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Vicisitudes negro africanas en Iberoamérica]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>101-34</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Price]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<edition>3</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Baltimore ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Johns Hopkins University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joao José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quilombos e revoltas escravas no Brasil. Nos achamos em campo a tratar da liberdade]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista USP]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<numero>28</numero>
<issue>28</issue>
<page-range>14-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Julián]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El cimarronaje en Cartagena de Indias: siglo XVII]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Memoria]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>10-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los dominados y el arte de la resistencia]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Txalaparta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vignaux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hèléne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Esclavage et rébellion. La construction sociale des noirs et des mulâtres (Nouvelle Grenade-XVIIe siècle)]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montpellier ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Presses Universitaires de la Méditerranée]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vignaux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hèléne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Palenque de Limón: ¿subversión o sumisión. Un caso de cimarronaje en el Nuevo Reino de Granada]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Memoria]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>30-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vila Vilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enriqueta]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cimarronaje en Panamá y Cartagena. El costo de una guerrilla en el siglo XVII]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cahiers du Monde Hispanique et Luso-brésilien]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<numero>49</numero>
<issue>49</issue>
<page-range>77-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
