<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2027-4688</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Fronteras de la Historia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Front. hist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2027-4688</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2027-46882025000100315</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22380/20274688.2745</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[En el umbral de la &#8220;muy cruda guerra&#8221;: resistencia indígena en las cartas de la conquista de Chile (1545-1552)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[At the Threshold of a &#8220;Very Harsh War&#8221;: Indigenous Resistance in the Letters of the Conquest of Chile (1545-1552)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[No limiar da &#8220;muito crua guerra&#8221;: resistência indígena nas cartas da conquista do Chile (1545-1552)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar Lisboa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Talca Instituto de Estudios Humanísticos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>315</fpage>
<lpage>339</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2027-46882025000100315&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2027-46882025000100315&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2027-46882025000100315&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La conquista de Chile no estuvo exenta de dificultades; por el contrario, la resistencia indígena tensionó la dominación desde el arribo de Pedro de Valdivia en 1540. En este sentido, sus cartas revelan la ambivalencia desde la cual se gestó el asentamiento, puesto que narran las adversidades que debieron sortear los peninsulares en el territorio. Con esta premisa, el artículo examina las acciones de resistencia y sus consecuencias en el escenario de la conquista de Chile. La hipótesis plantea que estas secuencias son fundamentales dentro del aparataje retórico e ideológico de Valdivia, pues constituyen un artificio para exaltar sus cualidades y las de sus hombres, en función del enfrentamiento con un enemigo formidable. Solo al final de la exposición, el conquistador encuentra un modo efectivo de desdibujar este pasado complejo, presentando la empresa de un modo exitoso ante el monarca y las demás autoridades.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The conquest of Chile was not devoid of challenges; on the contrary, indigenous resistance strained dominance from the arrival of Pedro de Valdivia in 1540. In this regard, his letters reveal the ambivalence from which the settlement was established, recounting the adversities the Spaniards had to overcome in the territory. Under this premise, the article examines indigenous resistance actions and their consequences in the scenario of the Chilean conquest. The hypothesis suggests that these sequences are crucial within Valdivia&#8217;s rhetorical and ideological apparatus, as they constitute a device to exalt his qualities and those of his men in the face of formidable enemies. Only towards the end of the exposition does the conquistador find an effective way to blur this past, presenting the enterprise as a success before the monarch and other authorities.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A conquista do Chile não esteve isenta de dificuldades; pelo contrário, a resistência indígena tensionou a dominação desde a chegada de Pedro de Valdivia em 1540. Nesse sentido, suas cartas revelam a ambivalência a partir da qual se deu o assentamento, pois narram as adversidades que os peninsulares tiveram que superar no território. Sob esta premissa, o artigo examina as ações de resistência e suas consequências no cenário da conquista do Chile. A hipótese é que essas sequências são fundamentais dentro do aparato retórico e ideológico de Valdivia, desde que constituem um artifício para exaltar suas qualidades e as de seus homens, em função do confronto com um inimigo formidável. Somente no final da exposição o conquistador encontra uma maneira eficaz de deturpar esse passado complexo, apresentando a empresa como bem-sucedida perante o monarca e as demais autoridades.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pedro de Valdivia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conquista de Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cartas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[indígenas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pedro de Valdivia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Conquest of Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[letters]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[indigenous]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pedro de Valdivia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[conquista do Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cartas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[resistência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[indígenas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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