<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2027-8306</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Investig. Desarro. Innov.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2027-8306</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2027-83062025000100067</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19053/uptc.20278306.v15.n1.2025.18823</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Estimating the added value of critical reading competence in college students using statistical modeling]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estimación del valor agregado en la competencia de lectura crítica en estudiantes universitarios a través de modelado estadístico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posada-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Bonilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe-Suarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Ceballos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Viviana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona-Palacio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica Luis Amigó  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica Luis Amigó  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica Luis Amigó  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica Luis Amigó  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica Luis Amigó  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>86</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2027-83062025000100067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2027-83062025000100067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2027-83062025000100067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This study develops a model to predict students' scores and added value in the critical reading competency at Luis Amigó Catholic University, Medellín campus (Colombia). The institutional added value is assessed by comparing results from the Saber 11 test with an institutional exam conducted in the fifth semester. A linear correlation matrix was used to identify statistically significant variables at a 95% confidence level, with the accumulated average emerging as the most representative variable. Assumptions of linearity, normality, independence, collinearity, and homoscedasticity were verified. Outliers were identified using the William diagram, showing that most data adequately describe the model. Quintile analysis reveals that 35% of students exceeded the average in both tests, 23% showed improvement in the institutional exam, 25.2% had consistently low scores, and 16.8% performed better on the Saber 11 test.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este trabajo se desarrolla un modelo para predecir el puntaje y el valor agregado en la competencia de lectura crítica de los estudiantes de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, sede Medellín (Colombia). El análisis se realiza comparando los resultados de la prueba Saber 11 con un examen institucional aplicado en el quinto semestre. Utilizando una matriz de correlaciones lineales, se identifican las variables estadísticamente significativas con un nivel de confianza del 95%, donde el promedio acumulado es la variable más representativa. Se verificaron los supuestos de linealidad, normalidad, independencia, colinealidad y homocedasticidad, y se construyó el diagrama de William para detectar valores atípicos, demostrando que la mayoría de los datos se ajustan apropiadamente al modelo. El análisis por quintiles revela que el 35% de los estudiantes supera el promedio en ambas pruebas, el 23% mejora en el Simulacro, el 25.2% presenta puntajes bajos en ambas evaluaciones y el 16.8% obtiene mejores resultados en Saber 11.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[critical reading]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[discursive strategies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[statistical modelling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[added value]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lectura crítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estrategias discursivas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelado estadístico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[valor agregado]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arifin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of critical reading to promote students&#8217; critical thinking and reading comprehension]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>318-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aghajani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gholamrezapour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical Thinking Skills, Critical Reading and Foreign Language Reading Anxiety in Iran Context]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Instruction]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>219-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Campus virtual</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Universidad Católica Luis Amigó]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<month>,</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Din]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluating university students&#8217; critical thinking ability as reflected in their critical reading skill: A study at bachelor level in Pakistan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thinking Skills and Creativity]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>100627</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freebody]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Literacies programs: Debates and demands in cultural context]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prospect: an Australian Journal of TESOL]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>7-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ilyas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elements of critical reading in EFL teachers&#8217; instructions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Englisia: Journal of Language, Education and Humanities]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>92-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. del P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical Thinking VS Critical Competence: Critical Reading]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigaciones Sobre Lectura]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. A. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. H. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. T. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unveiling critical reading strategies and challenges: a mixed-methods study among English major students in a Vietnamese higher education institution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cogent Education]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>2326732</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montgomery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Introduction to statistical quality control]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley &amp; Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cogollo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Situaciones y retos de la investigación en Latinoamérica]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo Editorial Universidad Católica Luis Amigó]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paakkari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruotsalainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lahti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kulmala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kendeou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raittila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torppa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of the home in children&#8217;s critical reading skills development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Humanities and Social Sciences Communications]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posada-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Bonilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe-Suarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona-Palacio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of the added value for the quantitative reasoning competency at the Luis Amigó Catholic University in 2021]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>329-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Presidencia de la República</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Decreto 869 de 2010, Por el cual se reglamenta el Examen de Estado de la Educación Media, ICFESSaber11]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<month>,</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Psyridou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruotsalainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balch-Crystal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ulvinen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salminen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torppa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Family factors and critical reading skills: A systematic review]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rofiuddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Priyatni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The development of a critical reading learning model to promote university students&#8217; critical awareness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New Educational Review]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>76-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Surdyanto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurniawan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developing critical reading module using integrated learning content and language approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Studies in English Language and Education]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>154-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timaran-Buchely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timarán-Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.-R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hidalgo-Troya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Using Decision Trees to Predict Critical Reading Performance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Ingeniería]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>58</numero>
<issue>58</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tshering]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Model for Teaching Critical Reading in an ESL Curriculum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[English Studies at NBU]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>271-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Untari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nurkamto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suryani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A study on Junior High School Students&#8217; Critical Reading Skill in Surakarta]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 6thInternational Conference on Learning Innovation and Quality Education]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>2022</conf-date>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>933-42</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Atlantis Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Universidad Católica Luis Amigó</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<month>,</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vozgova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Afanasyeva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Critical reading strategies in language learning: an overview of leading approaches]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 5thInternational Conference on Social, Economic, and Academic Leadership]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>80-6</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Atlantis Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wallace]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical language awareness: Key principles for a course in critical reading]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Language Awareness]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>98-110</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
