<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2216-0973</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cuidarte]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cuid]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2216-0973</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Programa de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Santander UDES]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2216-09732017000101391</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15649/cuidarte.v8i1.373</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[APPLICATION OF MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION: CAN WE ESTABLISH CAUSAL RISK FACTORS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES IN LOW-TO-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[APLICACIÓN DE LA ALEATORIZACIÓN MENDELIANA: ¿PODEMOS ESTABLECER FACTORES DE RIESGO CAUSALES PARA LA DIABETES TIPO 2 EN PAÍSES DE BAJO Y MEDIO INGRESO?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[APLICAÇÃO DA RANDOMIZAÇÃO MENDELIANA: PODEMOS ESTABELECER FATORES DE RISCO CAUSAIS PARA A DIABETES TIPO 2 EM PAÍSES DE BAIXA E MÉDIA RENDA?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langdon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ryan James Quentin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kaitlin Hazel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bristol ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bristol ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>1391</fpage>
<lpage>1406</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2216-09732017000101391&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2216-09732017000101391&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2216-09732017000101391&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants]]></article-title>
<collab>NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>387</volume>
<numero>10027</numero>
<issue>10027</issue>
<page-range>1513-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variations in Diabetes Prevalence in Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries: Results From the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological Study]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dagenais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McQueen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lear]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez-Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetes Care]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>780-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Prospective Studies Collaboration</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitlock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sherliker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emberson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>373</volume>
<numero>9669</numero>
<issue>9669</issue>
<page-range>1083-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 23-year cohort study and a meta-analysis of prospective studies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaccardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Donovan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Webb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yates]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khunti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atherosclerosis]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>243</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>131-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Behavioral and dietary risk factors for noncommunicable diseases]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ezzati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riboli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>369</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>954-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Best (but oft-forgotten) practices: the design, analysis, and interpretation of Mendelian randomization studies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haycock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bowden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Relton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davey Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>965-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davey Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hemani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hum Mol Genet]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>R89-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mendelian randomisation studies of type 2 diabetes: future prospects]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Debenham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barroso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetologia]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>211-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mendelian Randomization and Type 2 Diabetes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Swerdlow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ther]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>51-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[BMI as a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes: refining and understanding causal estimates using Mendelian randomisation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richmond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bowden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davey Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetes]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>3002-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is there a causal role for homocysteine concentration in blood pressure? A Mendelian randomization study]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hartwig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>39-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Common genetic loci influencing plasma homocysteine concentrations and their effect on risk of coronary artery disease]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Meurs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwartz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hazra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tanaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vermeulen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>668-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk]]></article-title>
<collab>The International Consortium for Blood Pressure Genome-Wide Association Studies</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>478</volume>
<numero>7367</numero>
<issue>7367</issue>
<page-range>103-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association of lactase persistence genotype with milk consumption, obesity and blood pressure: a Mendelian randomization study in the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort, with a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hartwig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davey Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Mola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Victora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1573- 87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The genetics of blood pressure regulation and its target organs from association studies in 342,415 individuals]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ehret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chasman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Genet]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1171-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zanetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[True causal effect size heterogeneity is required to explain trans-ethnic differences in GWAS signals]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[bioRxiv]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
