<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2216-0973</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Cuidarte]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Cuid]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2216-0973</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Programa de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Santander UDES]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2216-09732022000300008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15649/cuidarte.2281</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Complicaciones en pacientes usuarios de traqueostomía en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Scoping Review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Complications associated with tracheostomy in adult patients in intensive care units between 2015-2020. A Scoping Review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Complicates associadas a traqueostomia em pacientes adultos em unidades de terapia intensiva no período 2015-2020. Revisao sistemática]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Pulido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mabel Magoth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orozco-Levi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Sarmiento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alba Lucía]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nariño-Gamboa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angelica Julieth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fragozo-Ibarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andry Giseth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Cardiovascular- Hospital Internacional de Colombia- Servicio de Neumología Centro para el Cuidado de la Salud Respiratoria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Cardiovascular- Hospital Internacional de Colombia- Servicio de Neumología Centro para el Cuidado de la Salud Respiratoria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Santander  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2216-09732022000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2216-09732022000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2216-09732022000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: Los procedimientos de traqueostomía van en aumento en las unidades de cuidados intensivos en el adulto, por lo que las complicaciones asociadas a este procedimiento también incrementan. Se ha identificado que la traqueostomía puede conllevar a complicaciones tanto preoperatorias como postoperatorias, que varían ampliamente entre un 5-40%, entre las más frecuentes están, estenosis traqueal, fístula traqueoesofágica, hemorragia, lesión peristomal, decanulación, infecciones, entre otras, que podrían causar la muerte hasta en 1,4% de las personas. Sin embargo, a nivel mundial muy pocos estudios abordan los conceptos causales o factores de riesgo mecánicos y no mecánicos de este importante tema.  Objetivo: Revisar el alcance de la literatura científica disponible sobre las complicaciones de origen mecánico y no mecánico asociadas a la traqueostomía en pacientes adultos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos entre el periodo 2015-2020.  Materiales y métodos: se establecieron la pregunta de investigación con metodología &#8220;Patient, Intervention, Comparation, Outcome, Time (PICOT)&#8221; y los criterios de inclusión para la búsqueda de los referentes bibliográficos de estudios observacionales y experimentales. La información fue consultada en las bases de datos PubMed y EBSCO y los artículos científicos seleccionados fueron los publicados entre los años 2015-2020. Como guía metodológica y de calidad para el presente estudio se utilizó la lista de chequeo PRISMA-ScR.  Resultados: las complicaciones con mayor frecuencia son: sangrado 61% presentada (13/21 artículos), estenosis traqueal 28,5% (5/21 artículos), decanulación 23,6% (5/21 artículos), infección de la estoma 19% (4/21 artículos) muerte 19% (4/21) y la dificultad en la inserción de la cánula 19% (4/21 artículos), en cuanto a factores de riesgo mecánicos para éstas sólo se identifica el uso de la técnica Bjork flap (OR=0,4). Entre los no mecánicos se encontraron, obesidad (OR=5,15), diámetro de cánula &gt;6 (OR= 2,6) y ventilación mecánica preoperatoria (OR=3,14).  Conclusiones: Se logró identificar que las complicaciones relacionadas con la traqueostomía con mayor incidencia son sangrado, estenosis traqueal, decanulación accidental y la muerte. Sin embargo, aún se desconoce si se originan por una causa mecánica o no mecánica durante su manejo en UCI.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Tracheostomy procedures in intensive care units are on the rise; however, they can lead to both perioperative and postoperative complications, with a variable incidence from 5 to 40% and even death in up to 1.4% of individuals. Despite this, few studies address causal concepts or mechanical and non mechanical risk factors about this important topic.  Objective: To review the scope of the available scientific literature on complications of mechanical and non-mechanical origin associated with a tracheostomy.  Materials and Methods: The research question and inclusion criteria were established to conduct the search in PubMed and EBSCO databases between 2015 and 2020. The PRISMA-ScR checklist was used in the present study as a methodological and quality guideline.  Results: The most frequent complications were bleeding 61%, tracheal stenosis 28.5%, decannulation 23.6% (5/21) , stoma infection 19%, death 19%, and difficult tracheostomy tube insertion 19%. Regarding mechanical risk factors, only the use of the Bjork flap (OR=0.4) was identified as a protective factor. Among the non-mechanical factors, obesity (OR=5.15), tube diameter &gt;6 (OR=2.6), and preoperative mechanical ventilation (OR=3.14) were found.  Conclusions: It was possible to identify that the highest incidence of tracheostomy-related complications were bleeding, tracheal stenosis, accidental decannulation, and death; however, it is still unknown whether they originate from a mechanical or non-mechanical cause during intensive care management.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdujo: Os procedimentos de traqueostomia estao aumentando nas unidades de terapia intensiva, entretanto, podem levar a complicates perioperatórias e pós-operatórias com uma incidencia variável entre 5-40% e até a morte em até 1,4% dos indivíduos, apesar disso, poucos estudos abordam os conceitos causais ou fatores de risco mecánicos e nao-mecánicos sobre este importante tópico.  Objetivo: Rever o escopo da literatura científica disponível sobre complicates mecánicas e nao mecánicas associadas a traqueostomia.  Materiais e métodos: a questao da pesquisa e critérios de inclusao foram estabelecidos para a pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed e EBSCO entre os anos 2015-2020, como guia metodológico e de qualidade para o presente estudo foi utilizada a lista de verificagao PRISMA- ScR.  Resultados: As complicates com maior freqüencia foram, sangramento 61%, estenose traqueal 28,5%, decanulagao 23,6% (5/21, infecto por estoma 19%, morte 19% e dificuldade na inserto da cánula 19%, em relato aos fatores de risco mecánico, apenas o uso da técnica de Bjork Flap (OR=0,4) foi identificado como fator de proteto, entre os fatores nao mecánicos foram encontrados: obesidade (OR=5,15), diámetro da cánula &gt;6 (OR= 2,6) e ventilagao mecánica pré-operatória (OR=3,14).  Conclusóes: Conseguimos identificar que as complicates relacionadas a traqueostomia com maior incidencia foram sangramento, estenose traqueal, decanulagao acidental e morte, no entanto, ainda nao se sabe se elas se originam de uma causa mecánica ou nao mecánica durante a gestao dos cuidados intensivos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Traqueostomía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Complicaciones Intraoperatorias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Complicaciones Postoperatorias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cuidados Críticos.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tracheostomy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intraoperative Complications]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Postoperative Complications]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Critical Care.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Traqueostomia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Complicates Intraoperatórias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Complicates Pós-Operatórias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Cuidados Críticos.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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