<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2248-6046</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Finanzas y Política Económica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Finanz. polit. econ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2248-6046</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Católica de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2248-60462023000100157</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14718/revfmanzpolitecon.v15.n1.2023.7</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Military Expenditure and Unemployment Nexus in Bangladesh]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El nexo entre gasto military desempleo en Bangladesh]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abu]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Muhammad Salah]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakirtas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tahsin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kader]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sheikh Abdul]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,International Islamic University Chittagong Department of Economics &amp; Banking ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bangladesh ]]></addr-line>
<country>Bangladesh</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sakarya University Department of Economics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Turkey</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sakarya University Department of Economics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Sakarya ]]></addr-line>
<country>Turkey</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Jagannath University Faculty of Social Science Department of Economics]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Bangladesh</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>157</fpage>
<lpage>183</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2248-60462023000100157&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2248-60462023000100157&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2248-60462023000100157&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of military expenditure on unemployment in Bangladesh, examining the cointegration among unemployment, military expenditure, and foreign direct investment. It also sheds light on the short and long run dynamics of the variables under consideration. The study employs the ARDL bounds testing approach to investigate the cointegration among the variables using time series annual data from the period of 1990-2018. The dependant variable is unemployment and military expenditure and FDI are the independent variables. This research found a long run relationship among the variables. An increase in military expenditure significantly reduces unemployment in the short run, however, no significant long-run relationship is found. The higher FDI, the higher unemployment in the long run. This study contributes to fill the research gap regarding the impact of military expenditure and FDI on unemployment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship among unemployment, military expenditure and FDI in Bangladesh using ARDL bounds testing approach with time series annual data. JEL Classification: A10, E00, E24]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El propósito de este estudio es investigar el impacto del gasto militar en el desempleo en Bangladesh, investigando la cointegración entre desempleo, gasto militar e inversión extranjera directa (IED). También se busca aclarar las dinámicas de corto y largo plazo de estas variables. El estudio utiliza el enfoque ARDL con prueba de límites para investigar la cointegración entre variables mediante series de tiempo con datos anuales para el periodo 1990-2018. La variable dependiente es el desempleo y las variables independientes son el gasto militar y la IED. La investigación encontró una relación de larga duración entre las variables. Un incrmento en el gasto militar reduce el desempleo significativamente en el corto plazo, sin embargo, no se encontró ninguna relación significativa de largo plazo. A mayor la IED, mayor el desempleo en el largo plazo. Este estudio contribuye a cerrar la brecha en investigación sobre el impacto del gasto militar y la IED en el desempleo. Por lo que sabemos, este es el primer estudio en analizar la relación entre desempleo, gasto militar e IED en Bangladesh mediante ARDL con prueba de límites mediante series de tiempo con datos anuales.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Unemployment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[military expenditure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[FDI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ARDL]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bangladesh]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Desempleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gasto militar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[IED]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ARDL]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bangladesh]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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