<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2248-6046</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Finanzas y Política Económica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Finanz. polit. econ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2248-6046</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Católica de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2248-60462024000100145</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14718/revfinanzpolitecon.v16.n1.2024.7</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de la liberación comercial sobre el mercado de trabajo y la pobreza en el sector de las confecciones en Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Effect of Trade Liberalization on the Labor Market and Poverty in the Apparel Sector in Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prieto-Bustos,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William Orlando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina-Domínguez,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riaño-Viatela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>145</fpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2248-60462024000100145&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2248-60462024000100145&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2248-60462024000100145&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En 1974 se firmó el Acuerdo Multifibras con el objeto de facilitar el tránsito bilateral de confecciones. Bajo las reglas de la Organización Mundial del Comercio, el Acuerdo Multifibras fue reemplazado por un acuerdo de textiles y confecciones en 1995, con un horizonte temporal de 10 años, según el cual a 2005 la eliminación de barreras al comercio internacional para el sector de confecciones entraría en completa vigencia. Sin embargo, la permanencia de restricciones sobre el comercio proveniente de China no permitió la liberación completa del mercado, sino hasta 2009. De manera coincidente, el mercado internacional de las confecciones experimentó la entrada de China y la contracción de la demanda internacional producto de la crisis económica de 2008. Desde una interpretación teórica, y utilizando un estimador pre-post y un estimador de diferencias en diferencias, el artículo realiza una evaluación de impacto de las perturbaciones en el mercado internacional sobre la pobreza, el empleo, las horas trabajadas y el impacto en el número de trabajadores por cuenta propia en el sector de las confecciones en Colombia. Los resultados indican que la mayor competencia en el mercado internacional condujo a un ajuste con reducción en la ocupación, aumento de la pobreza, incrementos en la proporción de empleo por cuenta propia y pauperización de la calidad del empleo.  Clasificación JEL: J23; I3; F13.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In 1974, the Multifiber Arrangement (MFA) was established with the aim of facilitating bilateral transit of garments. Under the rules of the World Trade Organization, the Multifiber Arrangement was replaced by a textiles and garments agreement in 1995, with a temporal horizon of 10 years. According to this agreement, the complete elimination of barriers to international trade for the garment sector was to take effect by 2005. However, due to continued restrictions on trade from China, the full market liberalization did not occur until 2009. Coincidentally, the international garment market witnessed the entry of China and a contraction in international demand resulting from the 2008 economic crisis. From a theoretical perspective, employing a pre-post estimator and a differences-in-differences estimator, this paper assesses the impact of disturbances in the international market on poverty, employment, worked hours, and the influence on the number of self-employed workers in the garment sector in Colombia. The results indicate that increased competition in the international market led to adjustments with a reduction in occupation, rises in poverty rates, increases in the proportion of self-employment, and a deterioration in the quality of employment.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[calidad del empleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pobreza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mercado internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[confecciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comercio internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[employment quality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[poverty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[international markets]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[apparel sector]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. IP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evolución de la competitividad de las pymes del sector textil en Bogotá, para el subsector textil-confecciones, en el periodo 2000-2005]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Economía, Universidad de La Salle]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aránzazu Ocampo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Caracterización, estrategias y escenarios prospectivos del sector de la confección en Colombia al 2019 (monografía para optar al título de Administrador de Empresas)]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela de Ciencias Administrativas Contables, Económicas y de Negocios]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arbache]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trade liberalization and labor market in developing countries: Theory and evidence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SSRN Electronic Journal]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comparativo del sector confección en China y Colombia: análisis del indicador de competitividad 2000-2008]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Comercio Exterior]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trade liberalization and poverty reduction: New evidence from Indian states]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[India's reforms: How they produced inclusive growth]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>91-185</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford Academic]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casacuberta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fachola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gandelman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of trade liberalization on employment, capital, and productivity dynamics: Evidence from the Uruguayan manufacturing sector]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Policy Reform]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>225-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Colombia Productiva</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Programa de Transformación Productiva. Informe de gestión]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colombia Productiva]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH)]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Hoyos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bussolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nunez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Can Maquila booms reduce poverty? Evidence from Honduras]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Policy Research Working Papers]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Departamento Nacional de Planeación (DNP)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Agenda Interna para la productividad y la competitividad, Documento sectorial: algodón, fibras, textiles y confecciones]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>1-48</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[DNP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Epifani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trade liberalization, firm performance and labor market outcomes in the developing world. What can we learn from micro-level data?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SSRN Electronic Journal]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrigan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Distance, time, and specialization: Lean retailing in general equilibrium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>292-313</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Felbermayr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Globalization and labor market outcomes: Wage bargaining, search frictions, and firm heterogeneity]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmerer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[SSRN Electronic Journal]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrigan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrows]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Testing the theory of trade policy: Evidence from the abrupt end of the Multifiber arrangement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of Economics and Statistics]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>282-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaddis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pieters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The gendered labor market impacts of trade liberalization: Evidence from Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Policy Research Working Papers]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gélvez Villamizar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El ALCA y el sector de las confecciones en Colombia: retos y oportunidades]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Industrial de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Escuela de Economía y Administración]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gereffi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frederick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The global apparel value chain, trade and the crisis: Challenges and opportunities for developing countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Policy Research Working Papers]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Rozada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruffo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Do trade agreements contribute to the decline in labor share? Evidence from Latin American countries]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Department of Economics Working Papers, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La participación de la sociedad civil en procesos de integración comercial: el caso del ALCA en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foro Internacional]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>852-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La informalidad laboral en América Latina: explicación estructuralista o institucionalista]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Economía]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>58</numero>
<issue>58</issue>
<page-range>113-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalirajan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economic liberalisation strategies and poverty reduction across Indian states]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asian-Pacific Economic Literature]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>26-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez-Acevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robertson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sewing success? Employment, wages, and poverty following the end of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maurizio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Labour Informality in Latin America: The Case of Argentina, Chile, Brazil and Peru]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brooks World Poverty Institute]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendieta Monroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estrategias e innovación del cluster textil-moda: un análisis de caso en Bogotá]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Konrad Lorenz, Facultad de Administración de Negocios]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liberalización comercial y la creación y destrucción de empleo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Económicos]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>001</numero>
<issue>001</issue>
<page-range>79-108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministerio de Trabajo, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD)</collab>
<collab>Universidad Católica de Colombia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Perfiles ocupacionales para la población vulnerable en el sector de las confecciones de Bogotá, Cali y Medellín]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad Católica de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2010-2014: Prosperidad para todos, Resumen Ejecutivo]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Missing women and the price of tea in China: The effect of sex- specific earnings on sex Imbalance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quarterly Journal of Economics]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1251-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raposo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abertura Comercial e Mercado de Trabalho: Uma Resenha Bibliográfica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Econômica do Nordeste]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>615-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robertson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pierre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanchez-Puerta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Globalization, Wages, and the Quality of Jobs: Five Country Studies]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Bank]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Staritz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Making the cut? Low-income countries and the global clothing value chain in a post-quota and post-crisis world]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Bank Studies]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Topalova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trade liberalization, poverty, and inequality: Evidence from Indian districts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NBER Working Paper Series]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Bureau of Economic Research]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Topalova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factor immobility and regional impacts of trade liberalization evidence on poverty from India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SSRN Electronic Journal]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamagata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The garment industry in Cambodia: Its role in poverty reduction through export-oriented development. Discussion Paper 62, Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO, Chiba]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
