<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2500-5006</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Nefrología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colom. nefrol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2500-5006</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Nefrología e Hipertensión Arterial]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2500-50062020000200085</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22265/acnef.7.2.497</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Acid-base imbalance: a review with proposed unified diagnostic algorithm]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Desequilibrio ácido-base: una revisión con el algoritmo de diagnóstico unificado propuesto]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rico Fontalvo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daza Arnedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abuabara Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emilio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pájaro Galvis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nehomar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monterrosa Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palomino Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jenniffer]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio Batista]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isaias Garcerant]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahumada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ronald Castro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caballero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karen Perales]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Cartagena Critical Medicine and Intensive Care Fellow ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartagena ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,SOMA Clinic  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,New Bocagrande Hospital  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartagena ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,ESTRIOS Clinic  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartagena ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Sinu  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartagena ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Renal Unit B. Braun  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,CARI Hospital  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barraquilla ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>97</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2500-50062020000200085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2500-50062020000200085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2500-50062020000200085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Alterations in the acid-base balance are studied in all medical specialties. Although most cases derive from a preexisting pathology, they can also manifest themselves in a primary context. The proper identification of the acid-base disorder allows the pathological process to be characterized. The correct interpretation of the blood gasometry as a technique for monitoring the ventilatory status, oxygenation and acid-base balance of a patient requires the integration of various physicochemical approaches in order to specify a diagnosis, quantify a therapeutic response, and monitor the severity or the progression of a pathological process.  Methodology: A literature review was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct databases. The articles were selected according to the title and the abstract and sorted by topics relevant by pathophysiology, divergences, clinical approach, diagnosis, and management.  Results: A guide the clinical correlation of the critical patient with the blood gasometry parameters to characterize the acid-base disorder through the proposition of a diagnostic algorithm.  Conclusion: The incorporation of the three theories in a diagnostic algorithm facilitates a greater understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and allows us to identify a more precise therapeutic objective to correct the underlying disorder in the different clinical contexts of the patient.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: las alteraciones del equilibrio ácido-base se estudian en todas las especialidades médicas. Aunque la mayoría de los casos derivan de una patología preexistente, también pueden manifestarse en un contexto primario, por lo que la identificación adecuada del trastorno ácido-base permite caracterizar su proceso patológico. La correcta interpretación de la gasometría sanguínea como técnica para monitorizar el estado ventilatorio, la oxigenación y el equilibrio ácido-base de un paciente requiere la integración de varios enfoques fisicoquímicos para precisar un diagnóstico, cuantificar una respuesta terapéutica y monitorizar la gravedad o la progresión de un proceso patológico.  Materiales y métodos:  se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y ScienceDirect. Los artículos fueron seleccionados según el título y el resumen, y ordenados por tópicos relevantes por fisiopatología, divergencias, abordaje clínico, diagnóstico y manejo.  Resultados: en la literatura consultada se evidenció que el uso de un enfoque lógico y sistemático es necesario para interpretar adecuadamente los parámetros de la gasometría sanguínea e identificar oportunamente el trastorno ácido-base.  Conclusión: la incorporación de las tres teorías en un algoritmo diagnóstico facilita una mayor comprensión de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos y permite identificar un objetivo terapéutico más preciso para corregir el trastorno de base en los diferentes contextos clínicos del paciente.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Acid-base imbalance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[blood gas analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diagnosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[algorithms (MeSH).]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desequilibrio ácido-base]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis de los gases de la sangre]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diagnóstico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[algoritmos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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