<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2500-5006</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Nefrología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colom. nefrol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2500-5006</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Nefrología e Hipertensión Arterial]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2500-50062021000100202</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22265/acnef.8.1.465</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectividad y seguridad del uso de alfa-cetoanálogos en el manejo de la enfermedad renal crónica avanzada: recomendaciones para la práctica clínica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effectiveness and safety of the use of alpha-keto analogues in the management of advanced chronic kidney disease: clinical practice recommendations]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aroca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Camilo Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pertuz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adolfo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collazos Rozo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galeano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Álvaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Santiago de Cali Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Asociación Colombiana de Nefrología e Hipertensión Arterial  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Simón Bolívar Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barranquilla ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Central de la Policía Nacional Servicio de Medicina Interna y Nefrología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2500-50062021000100202&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2500-50062021000100202&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2500-50062021000100202&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: la dieta con restricción de proteínas parece tener un papel importante en la progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y la aparición anticipada de síntomas urémicos, además la suplementación de aminoácidos esenciales ofrece aparente seguridad para lograr restricciones agresivas de proteínas.  Objetivo:  realizar una revisión de la literatura para establecer las recomendaciones de uso práctico sobre la dieta con restricción de proteínas en la ERC avanzada.  Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda estructurada rápida de la literatura en la que se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis, de los cuales se extrajeron las respuestas de las preguntas con estructura PICOT diseñadas a priori. Los resultados fueron sometidos a consenso para generar recomendaciones prácticas.  Resultados: se incluyeron 6 revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura con una evaluación de calidad moderada. Según los hallazgos, una dieta muy baja en proteínas con suplementación de alfa-cetoanálogos beneficia a los pacientes que ingresan a diálisis o son sometidos a trasplante renal, además reduce la progresión de la enfermedad. No obstante, se requiere de ensayos clínicos con mejor calidad que consideren aspectos como la calidad de vida.  Conclusiones: aunque la evidencia es de baja calidad, se establece que la dieta muy baja en proteínas y suplementada con alfa-cetoanálogos en pacientes adecuadamente seleccionados reduce el deterioro de la tasa de filtración glomerular y parece reducir el ingreso a diálisis. Por tanto, se recomienda hacer un seguimiento estricto y periódico en el que se vigilen las medidas antropométricas y el perfil de riesgo de desnutrición.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Introduction and objective: The protein-restricted diet appears to play an important role in the progression of chronic kidney disease and the early onset of uremic symptoms, the supplementation of essential amino acids offers apparent security in achieving aggressive protein restrictions. The objective of this document is to carry out a literature review to inform practical use recommendations on this behavior in advanced Renal Disease (CKD). Materials and methods: A quick structured search of the literature is carried out, with the selection of systematic reviews and meta-analyzes, from which the answers to the questions with a PICOT structure designed a priori are extracted. The results were submitted to consensus to generate practical recommendations. Results: six systematic reviews of the literature were included, with a moderate quality evaluation, the extraction of the information reports an apparent benefit of the very low protein diet with supplementation of alpha-keto-analogues on admission to dialysis or kidney transplantation and a consistent reduction of disease progression. Better clinical trials that integrate outcomes such as quality of life are required. Conclusions: With low quality of evidence, the very low protein diet, supplemented with alpha-keto analogues, in the properly selected patient, reduces the deterioration of the glomerular filtration rate, seems to reduce admission to dialysis. Regular strict monitoring is recommended, with monitoring of anthropometric measures and malnutrition risk profile.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fallo renal crónico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[insuficiencia renal crónica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nutrición.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chronic kidney failure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[End-stage renal disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nutrition science.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Astor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isakova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peralta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of CKD]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Kidney Dis]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>713-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Summary of KDIGO 2012 CKD Guideline: behind the scenes, need for guidance, and a framework for moving forward]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kidney Int]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>49-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Jaishi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preparation of the Dialysis Access in Stages 4 and 5 CKD]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Chronic Kidney Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>270-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muscaritoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krznaric]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barazzoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cederholm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness and efficacy of nutritional therapy: A systematic review following Cochrane methodology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>939-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalantar-Zadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fouque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutritional Management of Chronic Kidney Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>377</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>1765-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nitrogen balance of uremic patients receiving branched-chain ketoacids and the hydroxy-analogue of methionine as substitutes for the respective amino acids]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Nephrol]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>341-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coulter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dighe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crantz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of keto-analogues of essential amino acids in severe chronic uremia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Invest]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>678-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reeves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thuku]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>358</volume>
<page-range>j4008</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rhee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kovesdy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalantar-Zadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Low-protein diet for conservative management of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>235-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of restricted protein diet supplemented with keto analogues in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Urol Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>409-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chewcharat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takkavatakarn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wongrattanagorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panrong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kittiskulnam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eiam-Ong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effects of Restricted Protein Diet Supplemented With Ketoanalogue on Renal Function, Blood Pressure, Nutritional Status, and Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Ren Nutr]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>189-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hodson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fouque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Low protein diets for non-diabetic adults with chronic kidney disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>CD001892</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of diet protein restriction on progression of chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effect of Ketoanalogues on Chronic Kidney Disease Deterioration: A Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>957</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garneata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stancu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dragomir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stefan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mircescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ketoanalogue-Supplemented Vegetarian Very Low-Protein Diet and CKD Progression]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Soc Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>2164-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goraya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wesson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dietary Protein as Kidney Protection: Quality or Quantity?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Soc Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1877-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cianciaruso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pisani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torraca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Annecchini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lombardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Metabolic effects of two low protein diets in chronic kidney disease stage 4-5--a randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nephrol Dial Transplant]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>636-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Keto-supplemented Low Protein Diet: A Valid Therapeutic Approach for Patients with Steroid-resistant Proteinuria during Early-stage Chronic Kidney Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr, Health Aging]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>420-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mircescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garneata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stancu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capusa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of a supplemented hypoproteic diet in chronic kidney disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Ren Nutr]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>179-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Iorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Nicola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minutolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamboli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trucillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Very low protein diet supplemented with ketoanalogs improves blood pressure control in chronic kidney disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kidney Int]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>245-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maroni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A method for estimating nitrogen intake of patients with chronic renal failure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kidney Int]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>58-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedrini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chalmers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effect of the Dietary Protein Restriction on the Progression of Diabetic and no Diabetic Renal Diseases: A Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Intern Med]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>627-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fouque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boissel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Low protein diets for chronic renal failure in non-diabetic adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>CD001892</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fouque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boissel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Low protein diets for chronic kidney disease in non-diabetic adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>CD001892</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fouque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Low protein diets for chronic kidney disease in non-diabetic adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>CD001892</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Moe]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zidehsarai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chambers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radcliffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trevino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vegetarian Compared with Meat Dietary Protein Source and Phosphorus Homeostasis in Chronic Kidney Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin J Am Soc Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>257-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malvy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maingourd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pengloan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bagros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nivet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of Severe Protein Restriction with Ketoanalogues in Advanced Renal Failure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Coll Nutr]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>481-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klahr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caggiula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunsicker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kusek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effects of Dietary Protein Restriccion and Blood Pressure Control on the Progresion of Chronic Renal Disease. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>330</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>877-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kovesdy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kopel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalantar-Zadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of protein-energy wasting in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: reconciling low protein intake with nutritional therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1163-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chauveu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venderly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haggan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barthe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rigalleau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Combe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Body Composition of Patients on a Very Low-Protein Diet: A Two-Year Survey With DEXA]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Ren Nutr]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>282-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milovanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fomin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moiseev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taranova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milovanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lysenko Kozlovskaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of essential amino acid &#1082;etoanalogues and protein restriction diet on morphogenetic proteins (FGF-23 and &#1050;lotho) in 3b-4 stages chronic &#1082;idney disease patients: a randomized pilot study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Exp Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1351-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
