<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2619-6573</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ensayos de Economía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ens. Econ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2619-6573</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2619-65732021000100086</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/ede.v31n58.85905</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[¿Hacia una teoría de la administración en América Latina?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Towards a Sustainable Development Business Model in Latin America?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballina Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Contaduría y Administración ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>58</numero>
<fpage>86</fpage>
<lpage>108</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2619-65732021000100086&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2619-65732021000100086&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2619-65732021000100086&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es indagar qué tanto ha evolucionado la disciplina administrativa como técnica o como episteme, en el contexto latinoamericano. Se plantea que la teoría latinoamericana de la administración enfrenta una doble problemática: la epistemológica, por su falta de consistencia y coherencia interna, y la sociológica, debido a que su aparato conceptual está constituido de enfoques técnicos, ligados a procesos de producción a nivel mundial de corte pragmático-racionalistas; esta teoría administrativa, se fundamenta en el liberalismo económico, en modelos gerenciales provenientes en forma dominante de Europa y Estados Unidos, así como Japón. Asimismo, se busca describir sintéticamente hacia dónde se dirigen las agendas alternativas de investigación en administración para superar este escollo, mediante una conceptualización del papel que en nuestras sociedades juegan las empresas y las organizaciones. JEL: A12; F69; N16.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The objective of this article is to investigate how much the discipline of business has evolved as technique or as episteme, in the Latin American context. It is proposed that the Latin American administration theory is facing a double challenge: an epistemological one, due to its lack of consistency and internal coherence; and a sociological one, given the fact that its conceptual apparatus consists of technical approaches connected to production processes on a global scale with a pragmatic-rationalist emphasis. This administrative theory is based on economic liberalism, on management models that predominantly come from Europe and USA, as well as Japan. Likewise, the aim is to make a synoptical description of where the alternative agendas for research on business are headed in order to overcome this hurdle, through a conceptualization of the role that businesses and organizations play in our societies. JEL: A12; F69; N16.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teoría administrativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[investigación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[empresas y organizaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[administrative theory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[research]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[businesses and organizations]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballina Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Problemática epistemológica y sociológica de la teoría administrativa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Iberoamericana de contaduría, Economía y Administración]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>3-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las funciones de los elementos dirigentes]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Estudios Políticos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baudrillard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El paroxista indiferente, conversaciones con Philippe Pettit]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Anagrama]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bendix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estado nacional y ciudadanía]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Amorrortu]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boje]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denney's]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Managing in the Postmodern World]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Library of Congress]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourdieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Razones prácticas sobre la teoría de la acción]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Anagrama]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castaño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación en administración en América Latina: Evolucióny resultados]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Raúl Prebisch]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las instituciones voraces]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerruti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Filosofías para la liberación ¿liberación del filosofar?]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría administrativa]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahrendorf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las clases sociales y su conflicto en la sociedad industrial]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rialf]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teorías organizacionalesy administración, enfoque crítico]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Datosmacro.com</collab>
<source><![CDATA[México - Indice de Desarrollo Humano - (IDH)]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derrida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Writing and Difference]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>[16]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dessler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Organización y administración situacional]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice-Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>[17]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drucker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las nuevas realidades en el estado y la política, en la economía y los negocios, en la soledad y en la imagen del mundo]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hermes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>[18]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fayol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Administración industrial y general]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Guerrero Hermanos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>[19]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La arqueología del saber]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>[20]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frankl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El hombre en busca de sentido]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Herder]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>[21]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Psicología de las masas y análisis del yo]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>[22]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fromm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Miedo a la libertad]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Argentina ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>[23]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galeano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las venas abiertas de América Latina]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>[24]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Germani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Espíritu, persona y sociedad: desde un punto de vista del conductismo social]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>[25]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gleick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La ciencia de una ciencia]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Crítica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>[26]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goleman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La inteligencia emocional en la empresa]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Vergara]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>[27]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Casanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El colonialismo interno]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>[28]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gorz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia de la enajenación]]></source>
<year>1959</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EUMEDNET]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>[29]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Habermas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La ciencia y la tecnología como ideología]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tecnos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>[30]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hatch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Organization Theory: Modern, Symbolic, and Postmodern]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>[31]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desorden ordenado en la literatura y la ciencia contemporáneas]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>[32]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Homans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Human Group]]></source>
<year>1950</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Harcourt ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brace &amp; World]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>[33]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sprott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sociología y psicología social del grupo]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>[34]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kafka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Obras selectas]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EDIMAT]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>[35]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Psicología de las organizaciones]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>[36]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kellner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El marxismo revolucionario de Karl Korsh]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Premiá]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>[37]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kliksberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Subdesarrollo y estrangulamiento tecnológico]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>[38]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La ciencia del caos: el managmenty el marketing tecnológico]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>[39]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Psycologie dinamique: Les relations humaines]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editions Universities]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>[40]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Función y campo de la palabra y el lenguaje en psicoanálisis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Escritos]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>240-331</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>[41]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Latindex</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sistema Regional de Información en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Descripción]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>[42]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El imperialismo, fase superior del capitalismo]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Obras escogidas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>[43]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lyotard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La condición postmoderna]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cátedra]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>[44]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manheim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Libertad, poder y planificación democrática]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>[45]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Human's Problems of Industrial Civilization]]></source>
<year>1946</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>[46]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Contribución a la crítica de la economía política]]></source>
<year>1966</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>[47]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El manifiesto del partido comunista]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Progreso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>[48]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGregor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El aspecto humano de las empresas]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Diana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>[49]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La cultura de la tecnociencia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bueno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nuevas tecnologías y cultura]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>29-74</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Anthropos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>[50]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría y estructuras sociales]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>[51]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los partidos políticos]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Amorrortu]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>[52]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principios de economía política]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Síntesis]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>[53]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mills]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La elite del poder]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>[53]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mills]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La imaginación sociológica]]></source>
<year>1961</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>[55]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mintzberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El proceso estratégico]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>[56]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Notas sobre una filosofía latinoamericana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archipiélago]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>49</numero>
<issue>49</issue>
<page-range>6-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<label>[57]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Noticias ONU</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Pobreza en América Latina, COVID-19, desperdicio de alimentos...Las noticias del jueves]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<label>[58]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ouchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Theory Z: An elaboration of methodology and findings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Contemporary Bussiness]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>27-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<label>[59]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Field Theory of Social Science]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harper and Row]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<label>[60]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Metcalf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henry C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. Urwick]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dynamic Administration]]></source>
<year>1942</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<label>[61]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parsons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The social systems]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Psychology Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<label>[62]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La ventaja competitiva]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<edition>5a</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CECSA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<label>[63]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Scripting Scenarios for a New Organization Theory and Practice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Work, Employment &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>119-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<label>[64]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Materialismo dialéctico y psicoanálisis]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Mexico ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<label>[65]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villafañe Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña-Hevia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Caracterización temática de treinta y siete revistas académicas en las ciencias administrativas publicadas en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pensamiento &amp; Gestión]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>132-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<label>[66]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar Bondy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Existe una filosofía de nuestra américa?]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<label>[67]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Scimago Journal</collab>
<collab>Country Rank</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Scimago Journal &amp; Country Rank]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<label>[68]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmitter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría del neocorporatismo]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<label>[69]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La quinta disciplina]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Garnica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Barcelona, España]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<label>[70]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El comportamiento administrativo. Estudio de los procesos decisorios en la organización administrativa]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<label>[71]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La economía política clásica]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Editor de América Latina]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<label>[72]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tannenbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weschler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Massarik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liderazgoy organización]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Troquel]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<label>[73]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principios de la administración científica]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Guerrero Hermanos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<label>[74]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toffler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El cambio del poder en el mundo]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Plaza Jones]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<label>[75]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economía y sociedad]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<label>[76]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Escritos políticos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Folios]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77">
<label>[77]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La filosofía americana como filosofía sin más]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
