<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7450</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.colomb.psiquiatr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7450</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-74502023000100065</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.rcp.2021.02.008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The role of psychosocial adversity in the aetiology and course of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El Papel de la Adversidad Psicosocial en la Etiología y el Curso del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sujey]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata-Ospina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arcos-Burgos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacio-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Medicina Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, Departamento de Psiquiatría]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Medicina Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>65</fpage>
<lpage>72</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-74502023000100065&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-74502023000100065&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-74502023000100065&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has genetic and environmental aetiological factors. There are few publications on the environmental factors. The objective of this review is to present the role of psychosocial adversity in the aetiology and course of ADHD.  Methods:  A search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, ClinicalKey, EMBASE, Lilacs, OVID, APA and PsycNET. English and Spanish were selected without being limited by type of study or year of publication. Finally, a qualitative synthesis was conducted.  Results:  ADHD development could be related to exposure to adverse factors in the family, school or social environment. It has been proposed as an explanatory mechanism that adversity interacts with genetic variants and leads to neurobiological changes. There may also be a gene-environment correlation whereby individual hereditary characteristics increase the risk of exposure to adversity, and indirectly increase the probability of developing ADHD. Research on psychosocial adversity represents a big challenge, not only due to the complexity of its construct, but also to the effect of subjective perception of a given event.  Conclusions:  ADHD aetiology is complex and involves the interaction of both genetic and environmental factors, in which these factors correlate and cause the disorder. The study of the role of psychosocial adversity in ADHD is fundamental, but it remains a task that entails great difficulties.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) tiene factores etiológicos genéticos y ambientales. Hay pocas publicaciones acerca de los factores ambientales. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar el papel de la adversidad psicosocial en la etiología y el curso del TDAH.  Métodos:  Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, ScienceDi-rect, SciELO, ClinicalKey, EMBASE, Lilacs, OVID, APA y PsycNET. Se seleccionaron artículos en inglés y español sin limitar por tipo de estudio o año de publicación. Finalmente, se hizo una síntesis cualitativa.  Resultados:  El desarrollo del TDAH podría estar relacionado con la exposición a factores adversos en el entorno familiar, escolar o social. Se ha propuesto como mecanismo explicativo que la adversidad interactúa con variantes genéticas y conduce a cambios neurobiológicos. También puede haber una correlación entre gen y ambiente, en la que las características hereditarias individuales aumentan el riesgo de exposición a la adversidad e indirectamente aumentan la probabilidad de sufrir TDAH. La investigación sobre la adversidad psicosocial representa un gran desafío no solo por la complejidad de su constructo, sino también por el efecto de la percepción subjetiva sobre un evento determinado.  Conclusiones:  La etiología del TDAH es compleja y factores genéticos y ambientales presentan una interacción en la que estos factores se correlacionan y originan el trastorno. El estudio del papel de la adversidad psicosocial en el TDAH es fundamental, pero sigue siendo una tarea que conlleva grandes dificultades.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aetiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social problems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Psychosocial impact]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Etiología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Problemas sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Impacto psicosocial]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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