<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7450</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.colomb.psiquiatr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7450</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-74502024000400443</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.rcp.2022.07.006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Relationship Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations and Depression]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Relación entre las exacerbaciones de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y depresión]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montes-Arcón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo Salomón]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campo-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adalberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedrozo-Pupo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cartagena  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartagena ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Magdalena  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Marta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>443</fpage>
<lpage>447</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-74502024000400443&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-74502024000400443&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-74502024000400443&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Background and objectives:  Depressive episodes are frequent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. These episodes are related to a vast number of clinical and psychosocial variables. Nevertheless, the relationship between the number of COPD exacerbations and depression has not been extensively studied in the Colombian Caribbean. The objective was to determine the relationship between COPD exacerbations and depression in a sample of outpatients in Santa Marta, Colombia.  Methods:  A cross-sectional analytical study was designed in which COPD adult patients participated. The number of COPD exacerbations (none versus one or more) and the risk of depression were documented. The crude and adjusted association was established by calculating the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI).  Results:  The study included 408 patients aged between 40 and 102 years (mean 72.9 ± 10.2), and 58.8% were male. 105 patients (25.9%) reported one or more exacerbations in COPD, and 114 patients (27.9%) were at risk for depression. The crude relationship between exacerbations and depression was statistically significant (OR = 1.80; 95%CI, 1.12-2.89) and after adjusting for sex (OR = 1.99; 95%CI, 1.23-3.23).  Conclusions:  The number of COPD exacerbations among outpatients in Santa Marta, Colombia is related to depression. Longitudinal studies are needed in Colombia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción y objetivos:  Los episodios depresivos son frecuentes en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Estos episodios están relacionados con un gran número de variables clínicas y psicosociales. Sin embargo, la relación del número de exacerbaciones de la EPOC con la depresión ha sido poco estudiada en el Caribe colombiano. El objetivo es determinar la relación entre las exacerbaciones de la EPOC y depresión en una muestra de pacientes ambulatorios de Santa Marta, Colombia.  Métodos:  Se diseñó un estudio transversal analítico en el que participaron pacientes adultos con EPOC. Se documentó el número de exacerbaciones de la EPOC (ninguna frente a una o más) y el riesgo de depresión. La asociación bruta y ajustada se estableció mediante el cálculo de las razones de oportunidad (OR) y el intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%).  Resultados:  Se incluyó a 408 pacientes con edades entre 40 y 102 aüos (media, 72,9 ± 10,2), y el 58,8% eran varones. Informaron una o más exacerbaciones en la EPOC 105 pacientes (25,9%), y 114 (27,9%) estaban en riesgo de depresión. La relación bruta entre exacerbaciones y depresión fue estadísticamente significativa (OR= 1,80; IC95%, 1,12-2,89) y después ajustar por sexo (OR=1,99; IC95%, 1,23-3,23).  Conclusiones:  El número de exacerbaciones está relacionado con depresión en pacientes que viven con EPOC en Santa Marta, Colombia. Se necesitan estudios longitudinales en Colombia.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Symptom exacerbation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chronic obstructive pulmonary]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Depression]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cross-sectional studies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Exacerbación de los síntomas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crónica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Depresión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estudios transversales]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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