<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-0011</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.fac.med.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-0011</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-00112018000200233</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/revfacmed.v66n2.62012</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[From animal spirits to scientific revolution in Medicine (first part)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[De los espíritus animales a la Revolución científica en medicina (primera parte)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barco-Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duque-Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barco-Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johanna Alexandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Caldas Department of Basic Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Manizales ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Grupo Neurociencia de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Manizales ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Caldas Clinical-Surgical and Public Health Departments ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Manizales ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>233</fpage>
<lpage>236</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-00112018000200233&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-00112018000200233&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-00112018000200233&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Absctract  Introduction: Back in the sixth century BC, as part of the evolution of Medicine, a philosophical idea was proposed to explain how the nervous system works based on elements known as animal spirits, considered for many centuries as transmitters of sensation and movement. This philosophical concept, with a speculative basis, prevailed until the seventeenth century with subtle changes, but was later outweighed by demonstrative advances in neurophysiology.  Discussion: Dogmatic tradition dictated for centuries that the animal spirits that controlled body actions were transmitted through the nerves; however, with the scientific revolution, such ideas were changed by better elaborated concepts supported by the scientific method.  Conclusion: The old concept of the functioning of the nervous system changed radically after the seventeenth century, when knowledge on morphophysiological characteristics of the nerves was expanded, opening new doors in search of more coherent explanations detached from any religious influence.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción. En el desarrollo de la medicina, a partir del siglo VI a.C., se planteó una idea filosófica para explicar el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso con base en elementos conocidos como espíritus animales, considerados durante muchos siglos como agentes transmisores de las sensaciones y del movimiento. Este concepto filosófico de base especulativa prevaleció hasta el siglo XVII con sutiles modificaciones, pero después fue superado mediante demostración con los avances logrados en neurofisiología.  Discusión. Por tradición dogmática se aceptó durante muchos siglos que a través de los nervios se transmitían espíritus animales que controlaban las acciones corporales. A partir de la Revolución científica tales ideas cambiaron por conceptos mejor elaborados con apoyo del método científico.  Conclusión. El concepto que se tenía antiguamente sobre el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso cambió de forma radical a partir del siglo XVII con la ampliación del conocimiento de las características morfofisiológicas de los nervios, abriendo nuevas puertas en busca de explicaciones más coherentes y desligadas de cualquier influencia religiosa.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Medicine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Science]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nervous System (MeSH)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Medicina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ciencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sistema nervioso (DeCS)]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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