<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-0011</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.fac.med.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-0011</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-00112022000300207</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/revfacmed.v70n3.94515</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Respiratory pathogens in children with acute lower respiratory infection detected through multiplex real-time PCR]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Patógenos respiratorios en niños con infección respiratoria aguda baja detectados mediante PCR multiplex en tiempo real]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montilla-Velásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María del Pilar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galvis-Trujillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lizcano-Gamboa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Suli Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gisell Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angela Tatiana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rincón-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soler-Rincón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paola Jimena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perdomo-Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orozco-Vanegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mor-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Consuelo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica Cafam Emergency Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-00112022000300207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-00112022000300207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-00112022000300207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Acute respiratory infection in children has a high burden of disease. Detection of multiple micro -organisms through molecular testing of nasopharyngeal swab samples could change the paradigm of a single pathogen being the cause of respiratory disease in children and prove its usefulness in clinical practice.  Objective: To characterize the pathogens identified in nasopharyngeal swab samples by means of multiplex realtime polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), as well as clinical variables and laboratory findings in children &lt;5 years diagnosed with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) and hospitalized in Bogotá D.C., Colombia.  Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 81 children hospitalized between September 2019 and March 2020 at the Clínica Cafam and in whom nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected for microbiological identification using the Allplex&#8482; multiplex RT-PCR assay. Correlations between the number of pathogens and blood cells and C-reactive protein levels were determined by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.  Results: Patients' mean age was 17.23 months (±14.44), 54.32% were males, and 51.85% were young infants. A total of 149 microorganisms (60.40% viruses) were identified in 63 children (77.78%). Mixed infection and coinfection were reported in 48.15% and 11.11% of children, respectively. Regarding clinical findings, shortness of breath, upper airway obstruction, cough, fever and pharyngitis were the most common clinical signs and/or symptoms in patients with mixed infection (32.97%), coinfection (64.40%), mixed infection (29.78%), and absence of microorganism (22.00%), respectively. A negative correlation was observed between the number of leukocytes and the number of neutrophils and the number of microorganisms detected in the preschoolers group (r=-0.46; p =0.058 and r=-0.51; p =0.033, respectively). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between monocyte count and the number of microorganisms detected (r=0.53; p =0.0096).  Conclusion: Multiplex RT-PCR assay allowed the identification of microorganisms in most children, as well as cases of mixed infection and coinfection in more than half of the sample. In addition, clinical findings in these children were highly heterogeneous as per the assay result..]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción. La infección respiratoria aguda en niños tiene una alta carga de enfermedad. La detección de múltiples microorganismos a través de pruebas moleculares en hisopados nasales podría cambiar el paradigma de patógeno único causal de enfermedad respiratoria en niños y ser de utilidad en la práctica clínica.  Objetivo. Caracterizar los patógenos identificados mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de polimerasa multiplex en tiempo real (RT-PCR) en hisopado nasal, así como las variables clínicas y los resultados de laboratorio en niños &lt;5 años diagnosticados con infección respiratoria aguda baja (IRAB) y hospitalizados en Bogotá D.C., Colombia.  Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 81 niños hospitalizados entre septiembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020 en la clínica Cafam y en quienes se hizo hisopado nasal para realizar la identificación microbiològica mediante la prueba RT-PCR multiplex Allplex. Las correlaciones entre el número de patógenos y los niveles de células del hemograma y el nivel de proteína C reactiva se determinaron mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman.  Resultados. La edad promedio fue 17.23 meses (±14.44), 54.32% fueron varones y 51.85%, lactantes menores. Se identificaron 149 microorganismos (60.40% virus) en 63 niños (77.78%). Hubo infección mixta en el 48.15% y coinfección en 11.11% de los niños. Respecto a los hallazgos clínicos, la dificultad respiratoria, la obstrucción de la vía respiratoria alta, la tos, la fiebre y la faringitis fueron más comunes en los casos de infección mixta (32.97%), ausencia de microorganismo (16.00%), coinfección (64.40%), infección mixta (29.78%) y ausencia de microorganismo (22.00%), respectivamente. Se observó una correlación negativa entre el número de leucocitos y neutrófilos y el número de microorganismos detectados en preescolares (r=-0.46; p=0.058 y r=-0.51; p=0.033) y una positiva entre el recuento de monocitos y el número de microorganismos detectados (r=0.53; p =0.0096).  Conclusión. La prueba RT-PCR multiplex permitió identificar microorganismos en la mayoría de niños, así como casos de infección mixta y coinfección en más de la mitad de la muestra. Además, los hallazgos clínicos fueron altamente heterogéneos entre los niños según el resultado de la prueba.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Viruses]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bacteria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Respiratory Tract Diseases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Infant]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Child (MeSH)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Virus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bacterias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enfermedades respiratorias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reacción en cadena en tiempo real de la polimerasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Lactante]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Preescolar (DeCS)]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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