<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-100X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista ION]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. ion]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-100X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Industrial de Santander]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-100X2024000100015</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18273/revion.v37n1-2024001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Morphological abnormalities in Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) treated with eight toxic compounds]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Anomalías morfológicas en Tribolium castaneum herbst tratado con ocho compuestos tóxicos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Anormalidades morfológicas em Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) tratado com oito compostos tóxicos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pajaro-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nerlis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caballero-Gallardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olivero-Verbel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesus]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sucre Department of Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Sincelejo Sucre]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cartagena  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartagena Bolivar]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-100X2024000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-100X2024000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-100X2024000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Toxicity testing is essential for preventing chemical pollution of the environment. Tribolium castaneum can be used as an alternative model for preliminary toxicity screening, eight chemical compounds having known toxicity were evaluated. For example, mercury (II) chloride is considered toxic at concentrations higher than 0.1 mg/L in drinking water, phenol exposure to concentrations greater than 5 mg/L in drinking water can be dangerous, in the case of toluene exposure to concentrations greater than 200 ppm (parts per million) in the air can be harmful to health, hydrazine can be dangerous at concentrations higher than 1 mg/L in drinking water, and caffeine can cause adverse effects such as nervousness, insomnia, tachycardia, and tremors from exposure to doses higher than 500 - 600 mg in adults. In this case, adult insects were fed a diet of oatmeal supplemented with each separately toxic. The number of offspring insects, size, weight, and observation of abnormalities was evaluated. The eight chemicals assessed compounds only Ave had a visible effect on insect development, BPA and mercury (II) chloride induced abnormalities in the larval and pupal stages, while the phenol, toluene, and metronidazole, in the pupal stage only. Major anomalies were observed necrosis in larvae appendices, in pupae, papillae for sex differentiation are sclerotic or absent, and abnormality in the formation of head, limbs, wings, and appendages. Mercury (II) chloride was the most toxic due to the affected growth, development and reproduction of the insect.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las pruebas de toxicidad son esenciales para prevenir la contaminación química del medio ambiente. Tribolium castaneum se puede utilizar como modelo alternativo para la detección preliminar de toxicidad; se evaluaron ocho compuestos químicos con toxicidad conocida. Por ejemplo, el cloruro de mercurio II se considera tóxico a concentraciones superiores a 0,1 mg/L en agua potable, el fenol a concentraciones superiores a 5 mg/L en agua potable puede ser peligroso, para el caso del tolueno la exposición a concentraciones superiores a 200 ppm (partes por millón) en el aire puede ser perjudicial para la salud, la hidrazina puede ser peligrosa a concentraciones superiores a 1 mg/L en agua potable, y la cafeína puede causar efectos adversos como nerviosismo, insomnio, taquicardia y temblores por exposición a dosis superiores a 500 - 600 mg en adultos. Los insectos adultos fueron alimentados con una dieta de avena complementada con cada tóxico por separado. Se evaluaron el número de crías, tamaño, peso y anormalidades morfológicas. De los ocho compuestos químicos evaluados, sólo cinco tuvieron un efecto visible sobre el desarrollo de los insectos: el BPA (bisfenol A) y el cloruro de mercurio (II) indujeron anomalías en los estadios larvarios y pupales, mientras que el fenol, el tolueno y el metronidazol sólo en el estadio pupal. Se observaron anomalías importantes: necrosis en los apéndices de las larvas, en las pupas, papilas para la diferenciación de sexos escleróticas o ausentes y anomalias en la formación de la cabeza, extremidades, alas y apéndices. El cloruro de mercurio (II) fue el más tóxico debido a que afectó el crecimiento, desarrollo y reproducción del insecto.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Os testes de toxicidade são essenciais para prevenir a poluição química do meio ambiente. Tribolium castaneum pode ser usado como modelo alternativo para triagem preliminar de toxicidade, foram avaliados oito compostos químicos com toxicidade conhecida. Por exemplo, o cloreto de mercúrio II é considerado tóxico em concentrações superiores a 0,1 mg/L na água potável, o fenol pode ser perigoso em exposições a concentrações superiores a 5 mg/L na água potável, no caso do tolueno, a exposição a concentrações superiores a 200 ppm (partes por milhão) no ar pode ser prejudicial para a saúde, a hidrazina pode ser perigosa em concentrações superiores a 1 mg/L na água potável e a cafeína pode causar efeitos adversos como nervosismo, insônia, taquicardia e tremores em exposições a doses superiores a 500 - 600 mg em adultos. Neste caso, os insetos adultos foram alimentados com uma dieta de aveia suplementada com cada um deles separadamente tóxico. Foram avaliados o número de insetos descendentes, tamanho, peso e observação de anormalidades. Dos oito produtos químicos avaliados, apenas cinco tiveram um efeito visível no desenvolvimento do inseto, o BPA e o cloreto de mercúrio (II) induziram anormalidades nos estágios larval e pupal, enquanto o fenol, o tolueno e o metronidazol, apenas no estágio pupal. Foram observadas principais anomalias: necrose nos apêndices das larvas, nas pupas, papilas para diferenciação sexual são escleróticas ou ausentes, e anormalidade na formação da cabeça, membros, asas e apêndices. O cloreto de mercúrio (II) foi o mais tóxico devido ao crescimento, desenvolvimento e reprodução afetados do inseto.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Invertebrate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Toxic effects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecotoxicology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Reproduction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Invertebrado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Efectos tóxicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ecotoxicología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reproducción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Invertebrados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Efeitos tóxicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Ecotoxicologia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Reprodução]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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