<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-2596</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Lecturas de Economía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Lect. Econ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-2596</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-25962023000100201</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.le.n98a348118</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Mujeres rurales y el uso de teléfonos móviles en el Perú. Efecto en el empoderamiento con visión de capital humano]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Rural Women and the Use of Mobile Phones in Peru. Effect on Empowerment with A Vision of Human Capital]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Les femmes rurales et l&#8217;utilisation du téléphone portable au Pérou. Effet sur l&#8217;autonomisation des femmes avec une vision du capital humain]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franciskovic-Ingunza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jubitza]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamann-Pastorino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonieta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miralles-Torner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francesc]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad ESAN  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad ESAN  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Ramón Llull  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>98</numero>
<fpage>201</fpage>
<lpage>230</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-25962023000100201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-25962023000100201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-25962023000100201&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo propone medir el efecto de la adopción de las tecnologías móviles en el empoderamiento de las mujeres rurales desde la perspectiva de los retos del desarrollo y utilizando una aproximación de capital humano. Para ello, se tomó como referencia el modelo de Mincer (1970), analizando el efecto que la adopción de la telefonía móvil tiene sobre el nivel de ingresos de las adoptantes. Usando la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares en el Perú, se estudiaron los datos del periodo comprendido entre 2017-2019 para proponer una estimación del efecto en los ingresos, ante la adopción de teléfonos móviles por parte de mujeres rurales en este país. Los resultados sugieren que existe relación positiva más allá de otras variables adicionales que pudieran incidir entre la relación entre el incremento del uso de teléfonos móviles y los niveles de ingresos en las mujeres de las zonas rurales peruanas. El artículo ilustra el uso de la función minceriana para capturar los efectos de la tecnología sobre la generación de riqueza. Por último, se plantean recomendaciones para los hacedores de política en cuanto al avance hacia el desarrollo económico con un enfoque de género.  Clasificación JEL:  O33, O18, J24, J16.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article proposes to measure the effect of the adoption of mobile technologies on the empowerment of rural women from the perspective of development challenges and using a human capital approach. For this, the model of Mincer (1970) was taken as a reference, analyzing the effect that the adoption of mobile telephony has on the level of income of the adopters. Using the National Household Survey (ENAHO) in Peru, data from the period between 2017 and 2019 were studied to propose an estimate of the effect on income of the adoption of mobile phones by rural women in this country. The results suggest that there is a positive relationship -beyond other additional variables that could influence- between the relationship between the increase in the use of mobile phones and income levels in women in rural Peruvian areas. The article illustrates the use of the Mincerian function to capture the effects of technology on wealth generation. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are presented for policy makers regarding progress towards economic development with a gender approach.  Clasificación JEL:  O33, O18, J24, J16.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumé : Cet article mesure l&#8217;effet de l&#8217;adoption des technologies mobiles dans l&#8217;autonomisation des femmes rurales sous les enjeux du développement dans l&#8217;approche du capital humain. Pour ce faire, nous avons pris en tant que référence le modèle de Mincer (1970), afin d&#8217;analyser l&#8217;effet de l&#8217;adoption du téléphone portable a sur le niveau de revenu. À l&#8217;aide de l&#8217;Enquête Nationale Auprès des Ménages (ENAHO) du Pérou pour la période comprise entre 2017 et 2019, nous estimons de l&#8217;effet de l&#8217;acquisition de téléphones portables des femmes rurales de ce pays sur leurs revenus. Les résultats suggèrent qu&#8217;il existe une corrélation positive - au-delà d&#8217;autres variables supplémentaires qui pourraient l&#8217;influencer - entre l&#8217;augmentation de l&#8217;utilisation des téléphones portables et les niveaux de revenu des femmes. L&#8217;article montre les avantages de l&#8217;utilisation de la fonction de Mincer pour mieux saisir les effets de la technologie sur la création de la richesse. Enfin, nous proposons des recommandations pour les décideurs politiques concernant le développement économique dans une approche genre.  Clasificación JEL:  O33, O18, J24, J16.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teléfonos móviles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[capital humano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mujeres]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[zonas rurales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mobile phones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Human Capital]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[women]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rural areas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[téléphones portables]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[capital humain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[femmes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[zones rurales]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agüero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El nuevo perfil de las mujeres rurales jóvenes en el Perú]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Estudios Peruanos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alkire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meinzen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peterman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quisumbing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seymour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Women&#8217;s Empowerment in Agriculture Index]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Development]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>71-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aparicio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San Román]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desarrollo de la infraestructura y reducción de la pobreza: el caso peruano]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Consorcio de Investigación Económico y Social (CIES) y Universidad del Pacífico]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bailur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masiero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Women´s Income Generation through Mobile Internet: A study of focus group data from Ghana, Kenya and Uganda]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gender, Technology and Development]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>77-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Nuevas estrategias de sociabilidad de las mujeres rurales jóvenes? Experiencias en comunidades rurales de Piura y Arequipa]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ XIVEncuentro Latinoamericano de Facultades de Comunicación Social]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Lima, Perú </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marshall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Revisiting the Earned Income Gap for Indigenous Australian Workers: Evidence from a selection-bias corrected model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Industrial Relations]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botello-Peñaloza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero-Rincón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Condiciones para el empoderamiento de la mujer rural en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Entramado]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>62-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<collab>Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Datos y hechos sobre la transformación digital]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Séptima conferencia ministerial sobre sociedad de la información de América Latina y el Caribe]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chioda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Work and family: Latin American and Caribbean Women in Search of a New Balance]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The World Bank]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo (UNCTAD)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Technology and Innovation Report 2021: Catching Technological Waves Innovation with Equity]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Naciones Unidas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Das]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yadav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Utilization of Information Communication Tecnology (ICT) for Women Empowerment: A Study in North 24 Pargana District]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global Journal of Enterprise Information System.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>14-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Prete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calleja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empowering Women Through ICT: Strategies and Methodology to Recover Women&#8217;s Historical Memory in Rural Areas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez-Vilas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Education in A Technological World: Communicating Current and Emerging Research and Technological Efforts]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>37-50</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Formatex]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franciskovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miralles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Use of the Mobile Phone in The Rural Zones of Peru]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>52</numero>
<issue>52</issue>
<page-range>390-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis exploratorio de los determinantes del ingreso de la ocupación principal a nivel nacional y regional en Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Académica y Negocios]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>125-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galassi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relation Between Education and Income Between the Geographic Regions of Argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Papeles de Población]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>69</numero>
<issue>69</issue>
<page-range>257-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gasperin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rotondi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stanca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mobile Money and the Labor Market: Evidence from Developing Countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Working Paper, No. 403]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Milano Bicocca]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>GSMA.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Connected Woman. La brecha de género móvil 2019]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[GSMA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gamboa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinants of ICT Usage among Low-Income Groups in Colombia, Mexico, and Peru]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Information Society]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heckman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error (with an Application to the Estimation of Labor Supply Functions)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NBR Working Paper Series No. 172]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Bureau of Economic Research]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heckman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econométrica]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>153-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nuevas (y viejas) historias sobre las mujeres rurales jóvenes de América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[documentos de trabajo del Programa Nuevas Trenzas, No. 176]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Estudios Peruanos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La corrección del sesgo de selección en los análisis de corte transversal de discriminación salarial por sexo: estudio comparativo en los países de la Unión Europea]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estadística Española]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>158</numero>
<issue>158</issue>
<page-range>179-214</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hossain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cellular Phones for Women's Empowerment in Rural Bangladesh]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asian Journal of Women´s Studies]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>70-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>INEI</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ficha técnica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Encuesta Nacional de Hogares 2019]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>INEI</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estadísticas de las tecnologías de información y comunicación en los hogares]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>INEI</collab>
<source><![CDATA[El 66,8% de la población de 6 y más años de edad accedió a internet de enero a marzo del presente año]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<month>a</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>INEI</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Situación del mercado laboral en Lima Metropolitana]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<month>b</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qijie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shahbaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Farmers&#8217; Use of Mobile Phone for Accessing Agricultural Information in Pakistan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciência Rural]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kyomuhendo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Mobile Payphone Business for Rural Women´S Empowerment]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buskens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Webb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[African Women and ICTs: Investigating Technology, Gender and Empowerment]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>154-216</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Zed e IDRC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Impact of Mobile Phones on the Status of Women in India]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Stanford University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Feminidades en conflicto y conflictos entre mujeres: Construcción de feminidades, formas de transgresión y violencia en adolescentes de dos colegios públicos de Lima]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ ponencia]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Lima </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macueve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mandalate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ginger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macome]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Women&#8217;s Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Mozambique: A Tool for Empowerment?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buskens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Webb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[African Women and ICTs. Investigating Technology, Gender and Empowerment]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>21-31</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Zed e IDRC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) en el desarrollo rural: retos y oportunidades para México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Textual]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>76</numero>
<issue>76</issue>
<page-range>243-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Metha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Metha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ICT and Socio. Economic empowerment of women rural: Case of Mobile Phone in India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Knowledge Horizons - Economics]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>103-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mills]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Table of The Ratio: Area to Bounding Ordinate, for Any Portion of Normal Curve]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biometrika]]></source>
<year>1926</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>395-400</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mincer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Distribution of Labor Incomes: A Survey with Special Reference to the Human Capital Approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Literature]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Musungwini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mobile Phone Use by Zimbabwean Smallholder Farmers: A Baseline Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The African Journal of Information and Communication]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>29-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empowerment and Governance Through Information and Communication Technologies: Women´s Perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The International Information &amp; Library Review]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>317-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obayelu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogunlade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of the Uses of Information and Communication Technology for Gender Empowerment and Sustainable Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Education and Development]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La supeditación del consumo a la deuda en los hogares del occidente mexicano rural]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista San Gregorio]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>78-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Returns to The Education of the Heads of Home in the Region of Puno, 2011-2015]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Investigación Altoandina]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>449-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rotondi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kashyap]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pesando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spinelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Billari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leveraging Mobile Phones to Attain Sustainable Development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>13413-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sekabira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qaim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Can Mobile Phones Improve Gender Equality and Nutrition? Panel Data Evidence from Farm Households in Uganda]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Policy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<page-range>95-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development as freedom]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Development In Practice-Oxford]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>258</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Weezel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benavides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso de teléfonos móviles por los jóvenes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Información]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>5-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
