<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3347</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Colombian Journal of Anestesiology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. anestesiol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3347</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SCARE-Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-33472018000400292</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/cj9.0000000000000073</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Laryngospasm in pediatric anesthesia with laryngeal mask vs. endotracheal tube: non-inferiority clinical trial]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Laringoespasmo en anestesia pediátrica con el uso de la máscara laríngea vs tubo endotraqueal: Ensayo clínico de no inferioridad]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casas-Arroyave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabian David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giraldo-Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Olga Lucia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Anaesthesia and Resuscitation Section ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>292</fpage>
<lpage>299</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-33472018000400292&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-33472018000400292&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-33472018000400292&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Airway-related problems are the most common perioperative complications in pediatric anesthesia and, among them, the most significant is laryngospasm. The type of device used to secure the airway has been found to be among the factors responsible for this outcome.  Objective: To determine whether the use of the classic laryngeal mask (LM) creates a non-inferior risk of laryngospasm compared with the use of the endotracheal tube (ET) in children.  Method: Non-inferiority, controlled, double-blind clinical trial with random assignment that included 260 children ages 2 to 14 years, American Society of Anaesthesiology I to III, taken to surgical procedures under general anesthesia. The primary outcome was the development of laryngospasm, and the need to exchange devices, airway trauma, and other respiratory complications were assessed as secondary outcomes. A 10% non-inferiority margin was selected for the difference between the 2 devices.  Results: A total of 270 patients were recruited, and 135 were assigned to each group. Laryngospasm occurred in 3.3% of the patients, with an incidence of 5.2% in the LM group versus 1.5% for the ET group, for a difference of 3.7% and a 95% confidence interval (-0.7%, 7.9%). No differences were found among bradycardia, cardiac arrest, and death outcomes.  Conclusion: The use of LM in children 2 to 14 years of age taken to various surgical procedures is not inferior or superior to ET in terms of the development of laryngospasm.  Trial Resgistration:  Clincaltrials.gov, NCT01288248.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  Los problemas relacionados con el manejo de la vía aérea son las complicaciones perioperatorias más comunes en la anestesia pediátrica; de ellos, el laringoespasmo es el principal. Dentro de los factores de riesgo se ha encontrado que el tipo de dispositivo empleado para el aseguramiento de la vía aérea puede ser responsable de este desenlace.  Objetivo:  Determinar si el uso de Máscara Laríngea Clásica (ML) genera un riesgo no inferior al uso de Tubo Endotraqueal (TET) para desarrollar laringoespasmo en niños.  Metodología:  Ensayo clínico controlado de no inferioridad, ciego único, con asignación aleatoria, que incluyó 260 niños de 2 a 14 años, ASA I-III, sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos bajo anestesia general. El desenlace primario fue el desarrollo de laringoespasmo y como desenlaces secundarios se evaluaron la necesidad de cambio de dispositivo, trauma de vía aérea y otras complicaciones respiratorias. Se estableció un margen de no inferioridad del 10% para la diferencia entre ambos dispositivos.  Resultados:  Se reclutaron 270 pacientes, 135 en cada grupo. El laringoespasmo se presentó en el 3,3% de los pacientes, con una incidencia en el grupo de ML de 5,2% vs 1,5% para TET, con una diferencia de 3,7% un IC del 95%: (-0,7%, 7,9%). No se encontraron diferencias entre los desenlaces de bradicardia, paro cardiaco y muerte.  Conclusión:  El uso de ML en niños de 2-14 años de edad sometidos a diversos procedimientos quirurgicos no es inferior ni superior al TET para desarrollo de laringoespasmo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Laryngismus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anaesthesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Child]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Laryngeal Masks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intubation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intratracheal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Laringísmo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anestesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Niño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Máscaras Laríngeas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Intubación intratraqueal]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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