<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3347</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Colombian Journal of Anestesiology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. anestesiol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3347</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SCARE-Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-33472020000100020</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/cj9.0000000000000151</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Efficacy of paravertebral block techniques in thoracic surgery: systematic literature review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Eficacia de las técnicas de bloqueo paravertebral en cirugía torácica. Revisión sistemática de la literatura]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadavid-Puentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casas-Arroyave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabián David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacio-Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valencia-Gallón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Anesthesiology and Reanimation Division ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>20</fpage>
<lpage>29</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-33472020000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-33472020000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-33472020000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Postoperative pain in thoracic surgery in adults is usually severe, and to control it there are many analgesic methods that include paravertebral blockade (PVB). Until now, there is no clarity on which is the most effective technique to perform this blockade.  Objective: To describe the different PVB techniques and its analgesic effect in thoracic surgery.  Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed. We included studies that analyzed patients in open chest surgery and used PVB as analgesic technique. The Cochrane and Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation strategies were used to analyze biases and evidence. The results are presented graphically by means of a visual analog scale (VAS) pain and opioid consumption equivalent to morphine for each technique found. We summarize the results with a qualitative approach without meta-analysis.  Results: A total of 38 articles were analyzed (2188 patients). 13 using PVB guided by surface anatomy (SA-PVB), 7 Ultrasound-guided PVB (US-PVB), 1 neurostimulation guided PVB (NE-PVB) and the remaining using PVB performed under direct visualization by the surgeon (S-PVB). A VAS of less than 3 was found in studies with SA-PVB and US-PVB, and greater than 5 in studies with S-PVB; however, opioid consumption in the postoperative period was similar between the techniques described.  Conclusion: PVB can be performed through 4 techniques. Techniques of US-PVB or SA-PVB have shown better consistency to manage postoperative acute pain in thoracic surgery.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: El dolor posoperatorio en cirugía de tórax en adultos usualmente es grave, y para su control existen varios métodos analgésicos que incluyen el bloqueo paravertebral (BPV). En la actualidad no hay claridad acerca de la técnica más efectiva para su realización.  Objetivo: Describir las diferentes técnicas de colocación del BPV y su efecto en el control analgésico en cirugía de tórax.  Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Se incluyeron estudios que analizaron pacientes sometidos a cirugía de tórax abierta y que utilizaron el BPV como técnica analgésica. Se emplearon las estrategias Cochrane y GRADE (Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation) para valorar la evidencia disponible. Se presentan los resultados de manera gráfica mediante escala visual análoga de dolor y consumo de opioide equivalente a morfina para cada técnica encontrada. Se realizó síntesis cualitativa de los resultados sin metanálisis.  Resultados: Se analizaron en total 38 artículos (2188 pacientes). 13 estudios usaban BPV guiado por anatomía de superficie (BPV-AS), 7 BPV con guía ecográfica (BPV-US), 1 BPV guiado por neuroestimulación (BPV-NE) y los restantes BPV bajo visualización directa por el cirujano (BPV-C). Se encontró una escala visual análoga (EVA) menor a 3 en los estudios con BPV-AS y BPV-US y mayor a 5 en estudios con BPV-C; sin embargo, el consumo de opioides en el posoperatorio fue similar entre las técnicas descritas.  Conclusión: Se han descrito cuatro técnicas para la realización del BPV. Las técnicas de BPV-US o BPV-AS han mostrado mejor consistencia para el manejo del dolor agudo posoperatorio en cirugía de tórax.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Paravertebral block]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Postoperative pain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Analgesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Opioids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bloqueo paravertebral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dolor posoperatorio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Analgesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Opioides]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elmore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain management following thoracic surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thorac Surg Clin]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>393-409</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesbah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pain after thoracotomy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BJA Educ]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute pain management for patients undergoing thoracotomy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Thorac Surg]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>1349-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiippana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nilsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Post-thoracotomy pain after thoracic epidural analgesia a prospective follow-up study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anaesthesiol Scand]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>433-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Breivik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic review of comparative studies indicates that paravertebral block is neither superior nor safer than epidural analgesia for pain after thoracotomy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scand J Pain]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>12-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D&#8217;Ercole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paravertebral block for thoracic surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>915-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Groen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ph]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Different approaches to ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<page-range>459-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eason]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wyatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paravertebral thoracic block-a reappraisal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesia]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>638-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karmakar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thoracic paravertebral block]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<page-range>771-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hutchins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Apostolidou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shumway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paravertebral catheter use for postoperative pain control in patients after lung transplant surgery a prospective observational study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>142-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komatsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inoue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paravertebral block for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery analgesic effectiveness and role in fast-track surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>936-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ammar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahmoud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does the addition of magnesium to bupivacaine improve postoperative analgesia of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block in patients undergoing thoracic surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anesth]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>58-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pavlakovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adding sufentanil to ropivacaine in continuous thoracic paravertebral block fails to improve analgesia after video-assisted thoracic surgery a randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Anaesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>766-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dutta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jayant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of continuous para-vertebral dexmedetomidine administration on intraoperative anesthetic drug requirement and post-thoracotomy pain syndrome after thoracotomy a randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>159-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of the role of dexmedetomidine in improvement of the analgesic profile of thoracic paravertebral block in thoracic surgeries a randomized prospective clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>826-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fibla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative analysis of analgesic quality in the postoperative of thoracotomy paravertebral block with bupivacaine 0.5% vs ropivacaine 0.2%]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Cardio-thoracic Surg]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>430-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fibla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A prospective study of analgesic quality after a thoracotomy paravertebral block with ropivacaine before and after rib spreading]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Cardio-thoracic Surg]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>901-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garutti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Aragoneses]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biencinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thoracic paravertebral block after thoracotomy comparison of three different approaches]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Cardio-thoracic Surg]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>829-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mogol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thoracic paravertebral block for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery single injection versus multiple injections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>90-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biswas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhatia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison between thoracic epidural block and thoracic paravertebral block for post thoracotomy pain relief]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Diagnostic Res]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>UC08-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ouerghi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frikha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mestiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A prospective, randomized comparison of continuous paravertebral block and continuous intercostal nerve block for post-thoracotomy pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[S Afr J Anaesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>19-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pintaric]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Potocnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadzic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of continuous thoracic epidural with paravertebral block on perioperative analgesia and hemodynamic stability in patients having open lung surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reg Anesth Pain Med]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>256-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vogt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stieger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Theurillat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Single-injection thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative pain treatment after thoracic surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<page-range>816-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dango]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Offner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combined paravertebral and intrathecal vs thoracic epidural analgesia for post-thoracotomy pain relief]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<page-range>443-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stafford-Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy of single-dose, multilevel paravertebral nerve blockade for analgesia after thoracic procedures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<page-range>1047-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kosinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fryzlewicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilkojc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of continuous epidural block and continuous paravertebral block in postoperative analgaesia after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy a randomized, non-inferiority trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>280-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lockwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabreros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Continuous bilateral thoracic paravertebral blockade for analgesia after cardiac surgery a randomized, controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perfus]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>591-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luyet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siegenthaler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szucs-Farkas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The location of paravertebral catheters placed using the landmark technique]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesia]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>1321-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehta]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yatin Arora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mishra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of continuous thoracic epidural and paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia after robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Card Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Messina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boroli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of epidural vs paravertebral blockade]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Minerva Anestesiol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>616-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neuburger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kline]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A prospective randomized study of paravertebral blockade in patients undergoing robotic mitral valve repair]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cardiothorac Vasc Anest]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>930-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Dawlatly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alnassar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Omar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative pain treatment after thoracic surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Ultrasound Appl Technol Perioper Care]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>23-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li X-L]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of preoperative single-dose thoracic paravertebral block on acute and chronic pain after thoracotomy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicine]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>97</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kadomatsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ueno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of the analgesic effects of modified continuous intercostal block and paravertebral block under surgeon&#8217;s direct vision after video-assisted thoracic surgery a randomized clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<page-range>425-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kobayashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wakai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paravertebral block via the surgical field versus epidural block for patients undergoing thoracotomy a randomized clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surg Today]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>963-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Govenden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of continuous para-vertebral and extradural infusions of bupivacaine for pain relief after thoracotomy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<page-range>204-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perttunen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nilsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heinonen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extradural, paravertebral and intercostal nerve blocks for post-thoracotomy pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>541-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raveglia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leporati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analgesia in patients undergoing thoracotomy epidural versus paravertebral technique. A randomized, double-blind, prospective study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>147</volume>
<page-range>469-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richardson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabanathan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mearns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A prospective, randomized comparison of interpleural and paravertebral analgesia in thoracic surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>405-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A randomized controlled trial comparing paravertebral block via the surgical field with thoracic epidural block using ropivacaine for post-thoracotomy pain relief]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anesth]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>263-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison between intraoperative two-space injection thoracic paravertebral block and wound infiltration as a component of multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain management after video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy a randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>1550-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ED]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Öz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kokulu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and paravertebral block for post-thoracotomy pain relief]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thorac Cardiovasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>514-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fibla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The efficacy of paravertebral block using a catheter technique for postoperative analgesia in thoracoscopic surgery a randomized trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Cardiothoracic Surg]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>907-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fibla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A randomized prospective study of analgesic quality after thoracotomy paravertebral block with bolus versus continuous infusion with an elastomeric pump]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Cardio-Thoracic Surg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>631-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fortier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison between systemic analgesia, continuous wound catheter analgesia and continuous thoracic paravertebral block a randomized, controlled trial of post thoracotomy pain management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Anaesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>524-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gulbahar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kocer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muratli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparison of epidural and paravertebral catheterization techniques in post-thoracotomy pain management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EurJ Cardio-thoracic Surg]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>467-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helms]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mariano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hentz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intra-operative paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia in thoracotomy patients a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EurJ Cardio-thoracic Surg]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>902-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komatsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sowa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takahashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paravertebral block as a promising analgesic modality for managing post-thoracotomy pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>113-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richardson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabanathan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A prospective, randomized comparison of preoperative and continuous balanced epidural or paravertebral bupivacaine on post-thoracotomy pain, pulmonary function and stress responses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>387-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richardson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lönnqvist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thoracic paravertebral block]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<page-range>230-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonnet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic review of randomized trials evaluating regional techniques for post thoracotomy analgesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>1026-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidural analgesia versus paravertebral block in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>404-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pogatzki-zahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From preemptive to preventive analgesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Anaesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>551-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antonakakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sites]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia for peripheral nerve blocks an evidence-based outcome review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiol Clin]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>179-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costache]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdallah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paravertebral by proxy-time to redefine the paravertebral block]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<page-range>1185-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>56</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adhikary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The erector spinae plane block a novel analgesic technique in thoracic neuropathic pain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reg Anesth Pain Med]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>621-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<label>57</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJOJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of injectate spread and nerve involvement between retrolaminar and erector spinae plane blocks in the thoracic region a cadaveric study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<page-range>1244-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<label>58</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelfand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ouanes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JPP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lesley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Anesth]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>90-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<label>59</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boretsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visoiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bigeleisen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasound-guided approach to the paravertebral space for catheter insertion in infants and children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Paediatr Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>1193-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<label>60</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viscusi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liposomal drug delivery for postoperative pain management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reg Anesth Pain Med]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>491-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<label>61</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uppal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sondekoppam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sodhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Single-injection versus multiple-injection technique of ultrasound-guided paravertebral blocks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reg Anesth Pain Med]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>575-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<label>62</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scarfe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schuhmann-Hingel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duncan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Continuous paravertebral block for post-cardiothoracic surgery analgesia a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Cardiothorac Surg]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>1010-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
