<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3479</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Lenguaje]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Leng.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3479</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Valle, Escuela de Ciencias del Lenguaje]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-34792022000200225</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25100/lenguaje.v50i2.11628</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Lexical Frequency in Heritage Speakers of Spanish: The Role of Language Exposure]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Frecuencia léxica en hablantes de español como lengua de herencia: el papel de la exposición lingüística]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Fréquence lexicale chez des locuteurs d&#8217;espagnol comme langue d&#8217;héritage : le rôle de l&#8217;exposition linguistique]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dámaris]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colby College  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Waterville ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>225</fpage>
<lpage>245</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-34792022000200225&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-34792022000200225&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-34792022000200225&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This study examines the impact of lexical frequency on grammatical agreement in heritage speakers of Spanish and a Spanish monolingual control group. Research has provided evidence of frequency effects when accessing nouns and this effect was proven to be more prominent in bilingual speakers. This investigation expands on the antecedent psycholinguistic research on lexical access through agreement operations carried out on monolingual speakers of Spanish by examining this effect in two populations of heritage speakers of Spanish that differ in relation to their dominance in Spanish. Experiment 1 was a Elicit Production Task and Experiment 2 was a Picture Description Task. Retrieval of grammatical gender features is needed in both tasks; therefore, lexical frequency plays a role in accessing this information. Reaction times analysis showed frequency effects in both bilingual populations and, as predicted by the Frequency-Lag Hypothesis, larger frequency effects in the less Spanish-dominant group. Results contribute to the understanding of processing mechanisms in adult bilingualism, particularly in heritage speakers of Spanish in the United States.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este estudio examina el impacto de la frecuencia léxica en la concordancia de género en los hablantes de herencia y un grupo control de hablantes monolingües de español. La investigación previa ha constatado efectos de frecuencia cuando se accede al léxico nominal y se ha demostrado que este efecto es más prominente en hablantes bilingües. Este estudio amplía los resultados previos en la investigación psicolingüística sobre el acceso léxico en operaciones de concordancia de género que se ha realizado con monolingües de español examinando este efecto en dos poblaciones de hablantes de herencia del español que difieren en el nivel de dominio lingüístico de dicha lengua. El experimento 1 se trató de una tarea oral de producción inducida y el experimento 2, una tarea oral de descripción de imágenes. Dado que el acceso a las características de género es necesario en ambas tareas, la frecuencia léxica jugó un papel importante cuando se accedió a la información léxica de género. El análisis de los tiempos de reacción mostró efectos de frecuencia en ambas poblaciones bilingües y, como se predijo por la hipótesis Frequency-Lag, los efectos de frecuencia léxica fueron más prominentes en el grupo bilingüe menos dominante en español. Los resultados contribuyen al entendimiento del mecanismo de procesamiento en adultos bilingües y particularmente en los hablantes de herencia de español en los Estados Unidos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumé La présente étude examine l'impact de la fréquence lexicale sur l'accord grammatical chez des locuteurs de langue d&#8217;origine espagnol et un groupe témoin monolingue espagnol. La recherche psycholinguistique antérieure a démontré des effets de fréquence lors de l'accès au lexique nominal. Cet effet s'est avéré plus important chez les locuteurs bilingues. Les résultats de la recherche antérieure sur l&#8217;accès lexique nominal avec opération d&#8217;accord de genre ont été élargis dans cette investigation à deux groupes de deux populations de locuteurs d'origine espagnole qui diffèrent par leur maîtrise de l'espagnol. L'expérience 1 consistait dans une production induite et l&#8217;expérience 2 dans une description d&#8217;image. La récupération des caractéristiques de genre grammaticales est nécessaire dans les deux expériences ; par conséquent, la fréquence lexicale joue un rôle dans l'accès à cette information. L'analyse des temps de réaction a montré des effets de fréquence dans les deux populations bilingues et, comme le prédit l&#8217;hypothèse de Frequency-lag, des effets de fréquence plus importants dans le groupe moins dominant en espagnol. Les résultats contribuent à la compréhension des mécanismes de traitement dans le bilinguisme adulte, en particulier chez les locuteurs de langue d&#8217;origine espagnole aux États-Unis.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heritage speakers of Spanish]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heritage languages]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Frequency-lag Hypothesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lexical frequency effects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lexical access]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hablantes de español como lengua de herencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lenguas de herencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hipótesis Frequency-Lag]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[efectos de la frecuencia léxica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acceso léxico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[locuteurs de langue d&#8217;espagnole comme langue d&#8217;héritage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[langues d&#8217;héritage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[l&#8217;hypothèse de Frequency-lag]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[fréquence lexicale]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[l&#8217;accès lexical]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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<person-group person-group-type="author">
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<source><![CDATA[The Modern Language Journal]]></source>
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