<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-4157</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Biomed.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-4157</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-41572024000100054</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7705/biomedica.6862</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Epidemiología genómica de los sublinajes &#948; del virus SARS-CoV-2 de la segunda ola de COVID en Antioquia en el 2021]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 &#948; sublineages of the second wave of 2021 in Antioquia, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arbey Velarde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurtado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Uriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Celeny]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betancur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Idabely]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Secretaría Seccional de Salud y Protección Social de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Medellín</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Medellín</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Medellín</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Secretaría Seccional de Salud de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Medellín</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>54</fpage>
<lpage>66</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-41572024000100054&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-41572024000100054&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-41572024000100054&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción.  Durante el desarrollo de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en Antioquia se presentaron picos epidemiológicos relacionados con las variantes &#945;, &#611;, &#946;, &#956;, &#411; y &#948;, donde &#948; tuvo la mayor incidencia y prevalencia. Este linaje se considera una variante de preocupación dadas las manifestaciones clínicas que desencadena y sus características epidemiológicas. Se han informado 253 sublinajes &#948; en la base de datos PANGOLIN. La identificación de estos sublinajes mediante análisis genómico ha permitido rastrear su evolución y propagación.  Objetivo.  Caracterizar la diversidad genética de los diferentes sublinajes &#948; de SARSCoV-2 en Antioquia y determinar su prevalencia.  Materiales y métodos.  Se recopiló información sociodemográfica de 2.675 muestras y de 1.115 genomas del repositorio GISAID entre el 12 de julio de 2021 y el 18 de enero de 2022. Se seleccionaron 501 por su alto porcentaje de cobertura (&gt;90 %) para realizar análisis filogenéticos e inferencia de frecuencias alélicas de mutaciones de interés.  Resultados.  Se caracterizaron 24 sublinajes donde el más prevalente fue AY.25. En este sublinaje se identificaron mutaciones de interés como L452R, P681R y P681H, que comprendían una frecuencia cercana a 0,99.  Conclusiones.  Este estudio permitió identificar que el sublinaje AY.25 tiene una ventaja de transmisión en comparación con los otros sublinajes &#948;. Esto puede estar relacionado con la presencia de las mutaciones L452R y P681R que en otros estudios se han visto asociadas con una mayor transmisibilidad, evasión del sistema inmunitario y menor eficacia de los medicamentos contra SARS-CoV-2.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction.  During the development of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Antioquia, we experienced epidemiological peaks related to the &#945;, &#611;, &#946;, &#956;, &#411;, and &#948; variants. &#948; had the highest incidence and prevalence. This lineage is of concern due to its clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics. A total of 253 &#948; sublineages have been reported in the PANGOLIN database. The sublineage identification through genomic analysis has made it possible to trace their evolution and propagation.  Objective.  To characterize the genetic diversity of the different SARS-CoV-2 &#948; sublineages in Antioquia and to describe its prevalence.  Materials and methods.  We collected sociodemographic information from 2,675 samples, and obtained 1,115 genomes from the GISAID database between July 12th, 2021, and January 18th, 2022. From the analyzed genomes, 515 were selected because of their high coverage values (&gt;90%) to perform phylogenetic analysis and to infer allele frequencies of mutations of interest.  Results.  We characterized 24 sublineages. The most prevalent was AY.25. Mutations of interest as L452R, P681R, and P681H were identified in this sublineage, comprising a frequency close to 0.99.  Conclusions.  This study identified that the AY.25 sublineage has a transmission advantage compared to the other &#948; sublineages. This attribute may be related to the presence of the L452R and P681R mutations associated in other studies with higher evasion of the immune system and less efficacy of drugs against SARS-CoV-2.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[secuenciación genómica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[secuencia nucleotídica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vigilancia en salud pública]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[árbol filogenético]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mutación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[epidemiología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genomic sequencing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nucleotide sequence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[public health surveillance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phylogenetic tree]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mutation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[epidemiology]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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