<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-8705</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[CES Medicina]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[CES Med.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-8705</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad CES]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-87052018000200090</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21615/cesmedicina.32.2.2</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Anestesia loco regional más sedación con dexmedetomidina para cirugía de Mohs con reconstrucción]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Local - regional anesthesia with dexmedetomidine sedation for Mohs surgery and reconstruction]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nataly]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jerez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Derly B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manjarrés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arévalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jimmy J]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud Hospital de San José ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud Hospital de San José ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud Hospital de San José ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>90</fpage>
<lpage>97</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-87052018000200090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-87052018000200090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-87052018000200090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: La cirugía micrográfica de Mohs se emplea para la escisión de tumores cutáneos malignos y frecuentemente es seguida de reconstrucción, prolongando el procedimiento y causando ansiedad y molestia al paciente. Esta cirugía se realiza con anestesia local y sedación complementaria. Dentro de los anestésicos intravenosos la dexmedetomidina es una excelente opción; sin embargo, se han reportado casos de bradicardia severa asociado a inestabilidad hemodinámica y riesgo de complicaciones con su uso.  Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia de bradicardia con repercusión hemodinámica en pacientes llevados a cirugía micrográfica de Mohs más reconstrucción, bajo anestesia loco regional y sedación con dexmedetomidina.  Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo de 30 pacientes llevados a cirugía de Mohs entre el 1 de noviembre 2012 a 30 de noviembre de 2013.  Resultados: El 53,3 % eran mujeres, la edad promedio fue de 68,4 años, 21,4 % fueron clasificados como ASA I, 53,5 % ASA II y 25 % ASA III. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 184 ± 61 minutos y de anestesia con dexmedetomidina fue 196 ± 65,2 minutos. Solo un paciente requirió atropina durante la cirugía y ningún paciente requirió conversión a anestesia general.  Conclusión: La dexmetomidina es una buena alternativa para proporcionar sedación en los pacientes llevados a cirugía de Mohs bajo anestesia loco-regional, debido a su baja incidencia de bradicardia con repercusión hemodinámica y ausencia de la necesidad de soporte ventilatorio.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Mohs micrographic surgery is used for the excision of malignant skin tumors and often is followed by reconstruction, prolonging the procedure, causing anxiety and discomfort to the patient. Mohs surgery is performed with local anesthesia and complementary sedation. Among the intravenous anesthetics, Dexmedetomidine is an excellent option; however, there have been reports of severe bradycardia associated with hemodynamic instability and risk of complications with its use.  Objective:  To describe the frequency of bradycardia with hemodynamic repercussion in patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery plus reconstruction, under loco regional anesthesia and Dexmedetomidine sedation.  Methods:  A retrospective, descriptive, observational study of 30 patients undergoing Mohs surgery between November 1, 2012 and November 30, 2013.  Results:  53.3% were women, the average age was 68.4 years, 21.4% were classified as ASA I, 53.5% ASA II and 25% ASA III. The average surgical time was 184 ± 61 minutes and anesthesia with dexmedetomidine was 196 ± 65.2 minutes. Only one patient required atropine during surgery and no patient required conversion to general anesthesia.  Conclusion:  Dexmetomidine is an appropriate alternative to provide sedation in patients undergoing Mohs surgery under loco-regional anesthesia, due to its low incidence of bradycardia with hemodynamic repercussion and absence of the need for ventilatory support.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cirugía de Mohs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bradicardia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anestesia local]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dexmedetomidina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sedación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mohs reconstruction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bradycardia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Local anesthesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dexmedetomidine, Sedation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leonardi-Bee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bath-Hextall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic review of worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The British Journal of Dermatology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>166</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1069-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weinstock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feldman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coldiron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence estimate of nonmelanoma skin cancer (keratinocyte carcinomas) in the US population, 2012]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Dermatology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>151</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1081-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rueda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arévalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guía de atención integral con evaluación económica para la prevención, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el seguimiento del cáncer de piel no melanoma: carcinoma escamocelular]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Asoc Colomb Dermatol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>189-215</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcalay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The value of Mohs surgery for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuijpers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thissen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neumann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Basal cell carcinoma: treatment options and prognosis, a scientific approach to a common malignancy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Clinical Dermatology]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>247-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mohs surgery for squamous cell carcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dermatologic Clinics]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>161-vii</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Delirium in elderly people: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Neurology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>3</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raats]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Eijsden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crolla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steyerberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Laan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk factors and outcomes for postoperative delirium after major surgery in elderly patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moitra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sladen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pharmacology of sedative-analgesic agents: dexmedetomidine, remifentanil, ketamine, volatile anesthetics, and the role of peripheral mu antagonists]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology Clinics]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>587-605</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jambrina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallhonrat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Indicaciones de la dexmedetomidina en las tendencias actuales de sedoanalgesia en el paciente crítico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicina Intensiva]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>41-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dexmedetomidine reduces postoperative delirium after joint replacement in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aging Clinical and Experimental Research]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>729-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goettel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bharadwaj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venkatraghavan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manninen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dexmedetomidine vs propofol-remifentanil conscious sedation for awake craniotomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Journal of Anaesthesia]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>116</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>811-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortinez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robertson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keifer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sum-Ping]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ST]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moretti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dexmedetomidine pharmacodynamics: part I: crossover comparison of the respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil in healthy volunteers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1066-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uhrich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ebert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sedative, amnestic, and analgesic properties of small-dose dexmedetomidine infusions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>699-705</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weerink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Struys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hannivoort]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barends]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Absalom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Pharmacokinet]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>1-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Josserand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dexmedetomidine: new insights]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Anaesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerlach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murohy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dexmedetomidine-associated bradycardia progressing to pulseless electrical activity: case report and review of the literature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pharmacotherapy]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1492</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anticholinergic premedication to prevent bradycardia in combined spinal anesthesia and dexmedetomidine sedation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Anesth]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>13-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bigatello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bradycardia leading to asystole during dexmedetomidine infusion in an 18 year-old double-lung transplant recipient]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Anesth]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>45-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iwasaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edmondson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anesthesia, surgical stress, and &#8220;long-term&#8221; outcomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anaesthesiologica Taiwanica]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>99-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kehlet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surgical stress: the role of pain and analgesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>189-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruickshank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacLennan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fraser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blackwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alpha-2 agonists for sedation of mechanically ventilated adults in intensive care units: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Health Technology Assessment]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>v-1-117</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FAS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso de dexmedetomidina en anestesia total intravenosa (TIVA)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Col de Anestesiol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>514-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramsay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luterman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dexmedetomidine as a total intravenous anesthetic agent]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>787-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pandharipande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of sedation with dexmedetomidine vs lorazepam on acute brain dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: the MENDS randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>298</volume>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>2644-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ebert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uhrich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colinco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of increasing plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine in humans]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>382-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoshitomi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohjitani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higuchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shimada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miyawaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dexmedetomidine enhances the local anesthetic action of lidocaine via an alpha-2A adrenoceptor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>96-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barends]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Absalom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Minnen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vissink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dexmedetomidine versus midazolam in procedural sedation. A systematic review of efficacy and safety]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PloS one]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Hospira. Dosing Guidelines for Precedex]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
