<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-9957</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista colombiana de Gastroenterología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. Gastroenterol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-9957</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología  ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-99572026000100013</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22516/25007440.1439</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Performance of the AST/ALT Ratio as a Diagnostic Marker for Cholelithiasis: Insights from a Retrospective Study in Peruvian Patients with Biliary Colic]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Desempeño del cociente AST/ALT como marcador diagnóstico de litiasis biliar: perspectivas de un estudio retrospectivo en pacientes peruanos con cólico biliar]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tania]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rueda-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lenin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bendezu-Quispe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guido]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jair]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosales-Rimache]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de Huamanga  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ayacucho ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Señor de Sipán  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chiclayo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal Faculty of Medical Technology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Científica del Sur  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>13</fpage>
<lpage>20</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-99572026000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-99572026000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-99572026000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective: This study evaluated the association and diagnostic performance of the aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio in the detection of cholelithiasis in patients presenting with biliary colic.  Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted through the analysis of medical records of patients treated for biliary colic in the emergency department of a regional hospital in Peru. Confirmatory diagnosis of cholelithiasis was established based on clinical evaluation and abdominal ultrasonographic findings. Serum AST and ALT activity levels were obtained to calculate the AST/ALT ratio. Diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.  Results: A total of 191 medical records were reviewed, corresponding to 94 patients with cholelithiasis and 97 without. The mean age was 49.6 ± 15.1 years, and 72% of the cohort were women. Elevated ALT and AST levels were observed in 34% and 31.9% of patients, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) for the AST/ALT ratio was 0.52, indicating minimal diagnostic value, while the AUCs for AST and ALT were 0.67 and 0.65, respectively. In the model adjusted for age and sex, the association between the AST/ALT ratio and cholelithiasis showed a prevalence ratio of 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56-2.41).  Conclusion: The AST/ALT ratio demonstrated limited efficacy as a diagnostic marker for cholelithiasis in patients with biliary colic. Although individual AST and ALT levels showed moderate diagnostic potential, the AST/ALT ratio did not significantly enhance the identification of cholelithiasis within this clinical context.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo:  Este estudio evaluó la asociación y el rendimiento diagnóstico del cociente aspartato-aminotransferasa/alanina-aminotransferasa (AST/ALT) en la detección de litiasis biliar en pacientes con cólico biliar.  Métodos:  En este estudio transversal se analizaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos por cólico biliar en el servicio de emergencias de un hospital regional del Perú. El diagnóstico confirmatorio de litiasis biliar se realizó con base en la evaluación clínica y hallazgos ecográficos abdominales. Se obtuvieron los valores de actividad enzimática sérica de AST y ALT para calcular el cociente AST/ALT. El rendimiento diagnóstico se evaluó mediante análisis ROC.  Resultados:  Se revisaron 191 historias clínicas, correspondientes a 94 y 97 pacientes con y sin litiasis biliar, respectivamente. La edad promedio fue de 49,6 ± 15,1 años, y el 72 % eran mujeres. Se observaron niveles elevados de ALT y AST en el 34% y 31,9% de los pacientes, respectivamente. El área bajo la curva (AUC) para el cociente AST/ALT fue de 0,52, que indican un valor diagnóstico mínimo, mientras que los AUC para AST y ALT fueron de 0,67 y 0,65, respectivamente. En el modelo ajustado por edad y sexo, la asociación entre el cociente AST/ALT y la litiasis biliar mostró una razón de prevalencia de 1,16 (intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%: 0,56-2,41).  Conclusión:  El cociente AST/ALT mostró una eficacia limitada como marcador diagnóstico de litiasis biliar en pacientes con cólico biliar. Aunque los niveles individuales de AST y ALT demostraron un potencial diagnóstico moderado, el cociente AST/ALT no mejoró significativamente la identificación de la litiasis biliar en este contexto clínico.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aspartate aminotransferase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[alanine aminotransferase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[AST/ALT ratio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cholelithiasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biliary colic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aspartato-aminotransferasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alanina-aminotransferasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cociente AST/ALT]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[litiasis biliar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cólico biliar]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maguire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ireland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitzgerald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Sullivan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A prospective study of common bile duct calculi in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: natural history of choledocholithiasis revisited]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Surg]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>239</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>28-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global Epidemiology of Gallstones in the 21st Century: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1586-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costanzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D&#8217;Andrea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lauro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute Cholecystitis from Biliary Lithiasis: Diagnosis, Management and Treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antibiotics]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>482</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Basel ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapoor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maithel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Javle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koshiol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gallbladder cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Dis Primers]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiology and risk factors for gallstone disease: has the paradigm changed in the 21st century?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Gastroenterol Rep]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>132-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lammert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gurusamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miquel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portincasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gallstones]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Dis Primers]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>16024</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mauro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scalvini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lusetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bardone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quaretti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Role of Cholangioscopy in Biliary Diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diagnostics]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>2933</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Basel ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[&#350;urlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[S&#259;ftoiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dumitrescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Imaging tests for accurate diagnosis of acute biliary pancreatitis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>44</numero>
<issue>44</issue>
<page-range>16544-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clemente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tringali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Rose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panettieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murazio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nuzzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mirizzi Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management of a Challenging Biliary Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>2018</numero>
<issue>2018</issue>
<page-range>6962090</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ndrepepa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holdenrieder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kastrati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prognostic value of De Ritis ratio with aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase within the reference range]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinica Chimica Acta]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<numero>538</numero>
<issue>538</issue>
<page-range>46-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sikaris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The de ritis ratio: the test of time]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Biochem Rev]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>117-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visaria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahlawat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio and insulin resistance among US adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>316-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drácz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Czompa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müllner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hagymási]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miheller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Székely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Elevated De Ritis Ratio on Admission Is Independently Associated with Mortality in COVID-19 Patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Viruses]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>2360</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The association between AST/ALT ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with hypertension]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicine]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parmar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pathak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nayak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of De Ritis ratio in liver-associated diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Med Sci Public Health]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1783</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bangaru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thiele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sreenarasimhaiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agrawal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Severe elevation of liver tests in choledocholithiasis: An uncommon occurrence with important clinical implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>728-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WYR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pite&#353;a]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McHugh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liver function tests as predictors of choledocholithiasis: a scoping review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AME Surg J]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tenner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dubner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predicting gallstone pancreatitis with laboratory parameters: a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1863-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nathwani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynolds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Marked elevation in serum transaminases: an atypical presentation of choledocholithiasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>295-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McNair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Choledocholithiasis presenting with very high transaminase level]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Case Rep]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>2012</numero>
<issue>2012</issue>
<page-range>bcr2012007268</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirzaie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunnsiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilhalme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacQueen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic review and meta-analysis of the 2010 ASGE non-invasive predictors of choledocholithiasis and comparison to the 2019 ASGE predictors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>286</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iluz-Freundlich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uhanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The relative expression of hepatocellular and cholestatic liver enzymes in adult patients with liver disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>204-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ndrepepa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cassese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scalamogna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lahu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aytekin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xhepa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association of De Ritis Ratio with Prognosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Aminotransferase Activity within and outside the Healthy Values of Reference Range]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Med]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>3174</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llatas Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurtado Roca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frisancho Velarde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coledocolitiasis en el Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (2010-2011): incidencia, factores de riesgo, aspectos diagnósticos y terapéuticos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Gastroenterol Perú]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>324-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrera-Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aranzabal Durand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Truijllo Loli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruzalegui Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo de la colelitiasis, colecistitis aguda y coledocolitiasis en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Gastroenterol Peru]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>58-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Colestasis del embarazo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>207-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Checkley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lescano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gallstone disease in Peruvian coastal natives and highland migrants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gut]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>569-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Persoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lange]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liver Function Tests]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mayo Clinic Medical Manual]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<page-range>373-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mallick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gallstone Disease in Cirrhosis-Pathogenesis and Management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Exp Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>551-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Resnick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shteingart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melamud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bdolah-Abram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zalut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reuben]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enzyme pattern of biliary colic: A counterintuitive picture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>36</numero>
<issue>36</issue>
<page-range>1629-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras-Omaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velarde-Ruiz Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro-Narro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trujillo- Benavides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamarripa-Dorsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Dorantes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Approach to the patient with cholestasis and jaundice syndrome. Joint AMH, AMG, and AMEG scientific position statement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Gastroenterología de México]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>80-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zgheib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wakil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al Souky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mailhac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jamali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El Sayed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liver function tests as predictors of common bile duct stones in acute cholecystitis patients with a chronic history: A retrospective cohort study on the ACS-NSQIP database]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicine]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>33</numero>
<issue>33</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
