<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-215X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Geografía: Revista Colombiana de Geografía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuad. Geogr. Rev. Colomb. Geogr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-215X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Humanas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-215X2021000100025</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/rcdg.v30n1.79637</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Territorial and Electorate Size Influence: Participation/ Competitiveness in Costa Rica's 2016 Local Scale Elections]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Influencia territorial y del tamaño del electorado: participación/ competitividad en las elecciones cantonales de 2016 en Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Influência territorial e do tamanho do eleitorado: participação/ competitividade nas eleições cantonais na Costa Rica em 2016]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel A. de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lessa Meireles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bruno]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Brasília  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Brasilia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de São Paulo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>25</fpage>
<lpage>44</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-215X2021000100025&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-215X2021000100025&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-215X2021000100025&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In recent years, political geography has begun to revisit traditional geographical theories using quantitative methodologies. Size, location, density, position, and other important geographic characteristics have re-emerged as central data points in the analysis of political phenomena. In this article, we analyze possible relationships between size (territorial and electoral) and electoral outcomes (competitiveness and participation) in Costa Rica's 2016 local (canton) elections. In this effort, we seek to revisit a tradition abandoned by some currents of geography, often erroneously associated with geographic determinism and widely criticized by geography researchers since the 1960s. Costa Rica was chosen for the study because it is considered one of the most successful democratic systems in Latin America, and it is now facing important issues about its new decentralization process. Linear Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions were used to analyze the 2016 elections in 82 Costa Rican cantones. This article reveals that there are important causal relationships between territorial size and electoral participation/competitiveness in Costa Rica. Conclusion Geographical analyses are crucial to understand voter turnout and competitiveness. Our conclusion could help Costa Ricans create new strategies to further develop their democracy and its decentralization process. Highlights: research article about electoral turnout and competitiveness in Costa Rica and its possible relationship with territorial and electoral sizes. Using quantitative methodology, we seek to understand spatial influence in local scale elections.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En los años recientes, la geografía política comenzó a revisar las teorías geográficas tradicionales empleando metodologías cuantitativas. Tamaño, ubicación, densidad, posición y otras importantes características geográficas volvieron al centro de los análisis de los fenómenos políticos. En ese sentido, en este artículo se analizan posibles relaciones entre los tamaños de territorio y de electorado con competencia electoral y participación. Además, el documento busca retomar una tradición abandonada por algunas corrientes de la geografía, usualmente asociada al determinismo geográfico y ampliamente criticada a partir deia.60. En el artículo se emplea el caso de Costa Rica porque se considera uno de los países de más éxito entre los sistemas democráticos latinoamericanos y que actualmente enfrenta un nuevo proceso de descentralización. La metodología cuantitativa de regresión lineal por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (Mco) fue utilizada para analizar las elecciones de los 82 cantones en 2016. El texto revela que hay importantes relaciones causales entre tamaño de territorio y del electorado con participación/competencia electoral en Costa Rica. Los análisis geográficos son cruciales para entender la participación y la competencia electoral. El artículo puede ayudar a los costarricenses en la creación de nuevas estrategias para perfeccionar su democracia y profundizar el proceso de descentralización. Ideas destacadas: artículo de investigación sobre participación electoral y competitividad en Costa Rica y su posible relación con los tamaños territoriales y electorales. A través de una metodología cuantitativa, se busca comprender la influencia espacial en las elecciones a escala local.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Nos anos recentes, a geografia política começou a revisitar as teorias geográficas tradicionais usando metodologias quantitativas. Tamanho, localização, densidade, posição e outras importantes características geográficas retornaram ao centro das análises dos fenómenos políticos. Nesse sentido, este artigo analisa possíveis relações entre os tamanhos do território e do eleitorado com competição e participação eleitoral. Além disso, o artigo retoma a tradição abandonada por algumas correntes da geografia, em geral associada ao determinismo geográfico e amplamente criticada a partir de 1960. O artigo utiliza o caso da Costa Rica porque é o país considerado de maior sucesso dentre os sistemas democráticos latino-americanos e atualmente enfrenta um novo processo de descentralização. A metodologia quantitativa de regressão linear por mínimos quadrados ordinários (Mco) foi utilizada para analisar as eleições dos 82 cantões em 2016. O texto revela que há importantes relações causais entre tamanhos do território e do eleitorado com participação/competição eleitoral na Costa Rica. As análises geográficas são cruciais para entender a participação e competição eleitoral. O artigo pode ajudar os costarriquenhos na criação de novas estratégias para aperfeiçoar sua democracia e aprofundar o processo de descentralização. Ideias destacadas: artigo de pesquisa sobre participação eleitoral e competitividade na Costa Rica e as possíveis relações com os tamanhos territorial e do eleitorado. Por meio de uma metodologia quantitativa, procura-se entender influências espaciais nas eleições em escala local.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electorate size]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electoral geography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[quantitative methodology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[territorial size]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[geografía electoral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metodología cuantitativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tamaño del electorado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tamaño territorial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Costa Rica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[geografia eleitoral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[tamanho do eleitorado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[metodologia quantitativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[tamanho territorial]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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