<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-3814</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tecné, Episteme y Didaxis: TED]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Fac. Cienc. Tecnol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-3814</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Pedagógica NacionalFacultad de Ciencia y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-38142018000100155</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Validación y aplicación de un test modificado de Vandenberg y Kuse de rotación mental para simetría molecular]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Validation and Implementation of a Modified Vandenberg and Kuse Mental Rotation Test for Molecular Symmetry]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Validação e aplicação de um teste modificado de Vandenberg e Kuse de rotação mental para simetria molecular]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johan Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez-Giraldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodas-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henao-Henao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Delfa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Manizales ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Manizales ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Manizales ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Doctor en Didáctica de las Ciencias y las Matemáticas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Manizales ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Manizales ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>43</numero>
<fpage>155</fpage>
<lpage>171</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-38142018000100155&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-38142018000100155&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-38142018000100155&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La rotación mental, como una de las categorías entre las habilidades espaciales, puede señalar la capacidad del individuo para manipular y realizar giros sobre objetos tridimensionales, esta a su vez tiene una relación directa con la aplicación de ejes de rotación en el estudio de la simetría molecular en los cursos de Química Inorgánica universitarios, donde se ha visto un bajo rendimiento académico por parte de los estudiantes en la aplicación de dichos ejes. La finalidad del caso educativo fue desarrollar, validar y aplicar un test modificado de Vandenberg y Kuse (VyKM) de rotación mental y al mismo tiempo aplicar el test estándar de Vandenberg y Kuse (VyK) para la aplicación de ejes de rotación en un curso de química inorgánica en la Universidad de Caldas. La muestra de estudio fue categorizada según el género y el número de veces que los estudiantes han realizado el curso. Los test fueron aplicados en un momento previo y posterior a la manipulación de modelos físicos durante el curso y se realizó una comparación entre los rendimientos obtenidos. Entre los resultados se destacan que no hubo diferencias significativas para la muestra total después de la aplicación de ambos test en el momento previo y posterior a la manipulación de modelos físicos, de igual forma se evidencio la misma tendencia para la comparación entre estudiantes que veían el curso por primera vez y aquellos estudiantes repitientes. Respecto a la comparación de géneros, se evidenció, lo manifestado en la literatura, un mayor rendimiento de los hombres frente a las mujeres para ambos test, antes y después de la aplicación de modelos físicos. Finalmente, se puede concluir que existe una relación entre el rendimiento en el test para medir la habilidad de rotación mental y la capacidad para aplicar ejes de simetría.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Mental rotation, as one of the categories among spatial skills, can signal the individual's ability to manipulate and make turns on three-dimensional objects, which, in turn, has a direct relationship with the implementation of rotation axes in the study of molecular symmetry in university courses on inorganic chemistry, where the students have been shown to have a low academic performance in the implementation of said axes. The purpose of the educational case was to develop, validate and apply a modified Vandenberg and Kuse mental rotation test and, at the same time, apply the standard Vandenberg and Kuse test to implement rotation axes in an inorganic chemistry course at Universidad de Caldas. The study sample was categorized according to gender and number of times the students had taken the course. The tests were applied before and after the manipulation of physical models during the course and the yields obtained were compared. One of the results was that there were no significant differences for the total sample after implementing both tests before and after the manipulation of physical models. The same tendency was observed for the comparison between students who took the course for the first time and those who retook it. As for gender comparison, the literature showed a higher performance in both tests by men than women before and after implementing physical models. Finally, we concluded that there is a link between test performance to measure mental rotation ability and the ability to apply symmetry axes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A rotação mental, como uma das categorias entre as habilidades espaciais, pode assinalar a capacidade do indivíduo para manipular e realizar giros sobre objetos tridimensionais, ao mesmo tempo, está relacionada diretamente com a aplicação de eixos de rotação no estudo da simetria molecular nas aulas universitárias de Química Inorgânica, onde se evidencia um baixo rendimento académico por parte dos estudantes na aplicação desses eixos. A finalidade do caso educativo foi desenvolver, validar e aplicar um teste modificado de Vanderberg e Kuse (VyK) para a aplicação de eixos de rotação em uma aula de química inorgânica na Universidade de Caldas. A mostra do estudo foi categorizada segundo o género e o número de vezes que os estudantes realizaram o curso. Os testes foram aplicados em um momento prévio e posterior à manipulação dos modelos físicos durante o curso e realizou-se uma comparação entre os rendimentos obtidos. Entre os resultados destaca-se que não existem diferenças significativas para a amostra total depois da aplicação de ambos testes no momento prévio e posterior à manipulação de modelos físicos; igualmente, evidenciou-se a mesma tendência para a comparação entre estudantes que faziam o curso por primeira vez e aqueles que o repetiram. Em relação à comparação de gêneros, evidenciou-se, como manifestado na literatura, um maior rendimento dos homens frente às mulheres para os dois testes, antes e depois da aplicação de modelos físicos. Finalmente, é possível concluir que existe uma relação entre o rendimento no teste para medir a habilidade de rotação mental e a capacidade para aplicar eixos de simetria.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[habilidad espacial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rotación mental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[eje de simetría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelo molecular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[test de Vandenberg y Kuse]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spatial ability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mental rotation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[axis of symmetry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[molecular model and Vandenberg and Kuse test]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[habilidade espacial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[rotação mental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[eixo de simetria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[modelo molecular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[teste de Vandenberg y Kuse]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Assessing Women in Engineering (AWE) Project</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Visual Spatial Skills]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[AWE Research Overviews]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aszalos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bako]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[How can we improve the spatial intelligence?]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Paper presented at 6th International Conference on Applied Informatics]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Hungary </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On the development and measurement of spatial ability]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ohio ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Ohio State University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Binet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Development of Intelligence in Children]]></source>
<year>1916</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Baltimore ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Williams and Wilkins]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brody]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Construct validation of the Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test: Comment and reanalysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intelligence]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>319-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carroll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Human Cognitive Abilities: A Survey of Factor-Analytic Studies]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Learning Theory and Mental Development]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Basic]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geiser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Separating "rotators" from "Nonrotators" in the mental rotation test: A multigroup latent class analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Multivariate Behavioral Research]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>261-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goleman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Emotional Intelligence]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Bantam]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siegel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buchsbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intelligence and changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate following learning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intelligence]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>415-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hegarty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Components of Spatial Intelligence]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Psychology of Learning and Motivation]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>265-97</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Diego, CA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Curso de química orgánica general]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Cali ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Depto. de Química Universidad del Valle]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Speed of Mental Rotation as a Function of Problem-Solving Strategies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perceptual and Motor Skills]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>803-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Child Development]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1479-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lohman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spatial Ability and G. Paper presented at the First Spearman Seminar]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Plymouth]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La simetría molecular]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Conciencia Tecnológica]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>027-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bertoline]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spatial visualization research and theories: Their importance in the development of an engineering and technical design graphics curriculum model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Engineering Design Graphics Journal]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>5-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nickerson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The teaching of thinking and problem solving]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sternberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thinking and Problem Solving]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>409-49</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Diego ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olkun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Making connections: improving spatial abilities with engineering drawing activities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal for Mathematics Teaching and Learning]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sex differences and the factor of time in solving Vandenberg and Kuse mental rotation problems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain and cognition]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>176-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saorín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las habilidades espaciales y el programa de expresión gráfica en las carreras de ingeniería]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ International Conference on Electronics and Communication Engineering]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>2005</conf-date>
<conf-loc>Madrid </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shepard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Metzler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mental rotation of three dimensional objects. Science]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Series]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<volume>171</volume>
<numero>3972</numero>
<issue>3972</issue>
<page-range>701-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spearman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Abilities of Man]]></source>
<year>1927</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sternberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Detterman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[What isIntelligence ? Contemporary Viewpoints on its Nature and Definition]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Norwood, NJ ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ablex]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sternberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Metaphors of Mind: Conceptions of the Nature of Intelligence]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sternberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thinking styles]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sternberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wagner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horvath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Testing common sense]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Psychologist]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>912-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thurstone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Primary mental abilities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Sociology]]></source>
<year>1938</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>310-1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vandenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mental Rotations, a Group Test of Three-Dimensional Spatial Visualization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perceptual and Motor Skills]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>599-604</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Voyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Voyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bryden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: A meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychological Bulletin]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>250-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intelligence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, Massachusetts ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
