<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-7577</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Hacia la Promoción de la Salud]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Hacia promoc. Salud]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-7577</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Caldas. Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones y Postgrados]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-75772025000100083</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17151/hpsal.2025.30.1.8</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Actividades recreativas y educación materna: factores determinantes en el desarrollo cognitivo temprano en Cartagena, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Recreational Activities and Maternal Education as Determinant Factors in Early Cognitive Development in Cartagena, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Atividades recreativas e educação materna: fatores determinantes no desenvolvimento cognitivo precoce em Cartagena, Colômbia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karol]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cartagena de Indias ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>83</fpage>
<lpage>94</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-75772025000100083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-75772025000100083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-75772025000100083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo:  explorar la relación entre variables sociodemográficas, actividades recreativas mediadas y no mediadas por tecnología, y el desarrollo cognitivo en la primera infancia.  Metodología:  Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, con un diseño transversal correlacional-causal, en Cartagena (Colombia) entre junio y octubre de 2023. Participaron 69 niños entre los 5 y 34 meses, seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, usuarios de centros de desarrollo infantil y guarderías, junto con su cuidador principal. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos y sobre la frecuencia de actividades recreativas -como lectura, juego al aire libre y uso de dispositivos electrónicos- mediante un cuestionario estructurado. El desarrollo cognitivo se evaluó con la escala cognitiva del Inventario de Desarrollo Battelle. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, correlaciones de Spearman y regresión lineal múltiple para estimar asociaciones y relaciones predictivas entre las variables.  Resultados:  la escolaridad de la madre y la frecuencia de lectura como actividad recreativa mostraron una asociación significativa con un mejor desempeño cognitivo, explicando el 36,8% de la varianza en las puntuaciones de la escala cognitiva del Inventario de Desarrollo Battelle. No se identificó una relación significativa entre el uso de pantallas y el desarrollo cognitivo.  Conclusión:  la educación materna y la lectura emergen como factores clave para promover el desarrollo cognitivo en la primera infancia. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de fomentar prácticas de estimulación en el hogar y de profundizar en la investigación sobre el impacto de las tecnologías en contextos socioculturales diversos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective:  To explore the relationship between sociodemographic variables and cognitive development in early childhood, with a focus on recreational activities mediated and not mediated by technology.  Methodology:  A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational-causal study was conducted in Cartagena, Colombia, between June and October 2023. The study involved 69 children aged 5 to 34 months, who were selected using non-probability convenience sampling. The children attended child development centres and daycare facilities, and their primary caregivers were also involved in the study. Sociodemographic data and information on the frequency of recreational activities, such as reading, outdoor play and electronic device use, were collected through a structured questionnaire. Cognitive development was assessed using the cognitive scale of the Battelle Developmental Inventory. Descriptive analyses, Spearman correlations and multiple linear regression were performed to estimate the associations and predictive relationships between the variables.  Results:  Higher maternal education and greater frequency of reading as a recreational activity were significantly associated with better cognitive performance, explaining 36.8% of the variance in Battelle Developmental Inventory cognitive scale scores. No significant relationship was identified between screen use and cognitive development.  Conclusion:  Maternal education and reading emerged as key factors in promoting cognitive development during early childhood. These findings emphasise the importance of providing stimulation at home and of conducting further research into the impact of technology in under-explored sociocultural contexts.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Objetivo:  Explorar a relação entre variáveis sociodemográficas, atividades recreativas mediadas e não mediadas por tecnologia e o desenvolvimento cognitivo na primeira infância.  Metodologia:  Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, não experimental, com um desenho transversal correlacional-causal, em Cartagena (Colômbia), entre junho e outubro de 2023. Participaram 69 crianças com idades entre 5 e 34 meses, selecionado por amostragem de conveniência não probabilística, usuárias de centros de desenvolvimento infantil e creches, juntamente com seu cuidador principal. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e informações sobre a frequência de atividades recreativas - como leitura, brincadeiras ao ar livre e uso de dispositivos eletrônicos - por meio de um questionário estruturado. Para avaliar o desenvolvimento cognitivo, foi utilizada a escala cognitiva do Inventário de Desenvolvimento Battelle. As análises estatísticas incluíram estatística descritiva, correlações de Spearman e regressão linear múltipla.  Resultados:  A escolaridade materna e a frequência de leitura como atividade recreativa mostraram uma associação significativa com melhor desempenho cognitivo, explicando 36,8% da variância nas pontuações da escala cognitiva do Inventário de Desenvolvimento Battelle. Não foi identificada uma relação significativa entre o uso de telas e o desenvolvimento cognitivo.  Conclusão:  A educação materna e a leitura destacam-se como fatores fundamentais para promover o desenvolvimento cognitivo na primeira infância. Esses achados ressaltam a importância de fomentar práticas de estimulação no ambiente doméstico e de aprofundar as investigações sobre o impacto das tecnologias em contextos socioculturais diversos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Actividades recreativas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo infantil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factores socioeconómicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lectura temprana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tiempo de pantalla]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Child development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[early reading]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[recreational activities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[screen time]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[socioeconomic factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Atividades recreativas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[desenvolvimento infantil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[fatores socioeconómicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[leitura precoce]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[tempo de tela]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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