<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-3461</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería y Desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. Desarro.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-3461</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Universidad del Norte]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-34612025000200200</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14482/inde.43.02.519.852</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[SPEI: una herramienta web de intervención temprana para el desempeño académico de estudiantes de cursos de programación]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[SPEI: a wéb-hased early intervention tool for the academic performance of students in programming courses]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LLANOS MOSQUERA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JOSÉ MIGUEL]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BUCHELI GUERRERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VICTOR ANDRES]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RESTREPO CALLE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FELIPE]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Industrial ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>200</fpage>
<lpage>219</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-34612025000200200&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-34612025000200200&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-34612025000200200&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En los cursos de introducción a la programación (CS1) se observa un bajo desempeño académico entre los estudiantes; problema común en las instituciones de educación superior que se atribuye a la complejidad de los conceptos y a la falta de experiencia en programación. Una manera de abordar esta situación es implementar herramientas que permitan intervenir de manera temprana en los procesos de aprendizaje para mejorar el rendimiento académico. Este estudio presenta Student's Performance Early Intervention (SPEI), herramienta web que integra un modelo de predicción del desempeño académico y dos tipos de intervención temprana para cursos CS1. El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar la efectividad de SPEI en el desempeño académico de los estudiantes en un curso de programación CS1. SPEI se desarrolló sobre la arquitectura Model-Template-View e integra los módulos de predicción, intervención preventiva e intervención proactiva. Los resultados muestran que SPEI identifica con precisión a los estudiantes con bajo rendimiento académico y permite intervenciones personalizadas que contribuyen a mejorar su desempeño. Las conclusiones sugieren que SPEI es una herramienta efectiva para apoyar el proceso formativo y podría replicarse en otros cursos para mejorar el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes en cursos CS1.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In introductory programming courses (CS1), students often exhibit low academic performance, a common issue in higher education institutions attributed to the complexity of the concepts and a lack of programming experience. One way to address this situation is by implementing tools that allow early intervention in the learning process to improve academic performance. This study presents the Student Performance Early Intervention (SPEI), a web-based tool that integrates an academic performance prediction model and two types of early interventions for CS1 courses. The aim of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of SPEI on the academic performance of students in a CS1 programming course. SPEI was developed using the Model-Template-View architecture and integrates prediction, preventive intervention, and proactive intervention modules. The results show that SPEI accurately identifies students with low academic performance and enables personalized interventions that contribute to improving their performance. The conclusions suggest that SPEI is an effective tool to support the learning process and could be replicated in other courses to enhance students' academic performance in CS1 courses.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[CS1]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desempeño académico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[herramienta de intervención temprana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[intervención temprana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelo de predicción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[academic performance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CS1]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[early intervention]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[early intervention tool]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[prediction model]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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