<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-9761</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-9761</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS Y COSTERAS "JOSE BENITO VIVES DE ANDRÉIS" (INVEMAR)    INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS Y COSTERAS -JOSE BENITO VIVES DE ANDRÉIS- (INVEMAR)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-97612018000100085</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25268/bimc.invemar.2018.47.1.739</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysis of the management of the sardine crisis Sardinella aurita in Venezuela and commentary on fishing gears and statistics]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis del manejo de la crisis de sardina Sardinella aurita en Venezuela y comentario sobre artes de pesca y estadísticas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez Gaspar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Oriente Núcleo Nueva Esparta  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>106</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-97612018000100085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-97612018000100085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-97612018000100085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The sardine Sardinella aurita, fished since 1927, is Venezuela's most significant fishery resource. The national catch reached a record high of 200,000 tons in 2004 but diminished nationally by 50% in 2005 and by 90% on Margarita Island, marking the beginning of a crisis in sardine fishing. Based on indicators of overexploitation, the fishing authority increased the minimum size required for capture and prohibited fishing for three months in 2013. The validity of these measures is studied here. A reduction in size may indicate intensive exploitation, and thus, the records of 28,217 sardines measured between 2002 and 2016 in the southeast region of Margarita Island were examined. Prior to the crisis, in 2003 and 2004, the average size was 195.48 and 196.95 mm in total length (TL), respectively. With the onset of the crisis (2005), the size was 201.95 mm, surpassing the measurements obtained in the other years of the period studied (181.27 to 191.89 mm). The conclusion was drawn that no great change was identifiable in the annual average size, providing no support for the supposed overexploitation. The 20 cm TL value reported by certain studies for the average length at maturity (Lm50%) is discussed in relation to the increase in the minimum size of capture to 19 cm and considered to be flawed by biased sampling. Moreover, the sardine stock would already have been exhausted were the Lm50% value of 20 cm accurate because for decades, the average size of capture had been &lt; 20 cm. The true Lm50% of S. aurita is &lt; 17 cm, as in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (African waters and the Mediterranean Sea). Furthermore, the prohibition of fishing from January-March is not warranted because the ban occurs during months when sardine eggs show relatively low abundance in the plankton. Fishing gear and statistics are also discussed. This study leads to the recommendations that management measures be reconsidered and that the consequences of fishing with equipment known as the "machine" be investigated.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La sardina Sardinella aurita, el recurso pesquero más importante de Venezuela, se captura desde 1927. En 2004 la captura nacional fue récord (200 000 toneladas), en 2005 disminuyó 50% y hasta 90% en isla Margarita, comenzando una crisis sardinera. En 2013, por indicio de sobreexplotación, la autoridad pesquera aumentó la talla mínima de captura y estableció veda de tres meses; estas medidas son analizadas. La disminución de talla puede indicar explotación intensiva, por lo cual en el sureste de Margarita entre 2002 y 2016 se midieron 28217 sardinas. Antes de la crisis, en 2003 y 2004 la talla promedio fue 195.48 y 196.95 mm LT respectivamente; al iniciar la crisis (2005) la talla fue 201.95 mm, superando las obtenidas en los otros años del período estudiado (181.27-191.89 mm). Se concluye que no se determinó cambio acentuado en el promedio anual de la talla, quedando, en consecuencia, sin fundamento la supuesta sobreexplotación. Por su relación con la medida de aumentar a 19 cm la talla mínima de captura, se analiza la talla media de madurez (Lm50%) de 20 cm LT según estudios, la cual es errónea por muestreos sesgados. Además, la sardina estuviera agotada porque durante décadas la talla media de captura ha sido &lt; 20 cm. La verdadera Lm50% de S. aurita es &lt; 17 cm, como en el Atlántico oriental (África y mar Mediterráneo). La veda establecida (enero-marzo) no se justifica en estos meses porque es menor la abundancia de huevos de sardina en el plancton. Se comenta sobre artes de pesca y estadísticas. Se recomienda reconsiderar medidas de manejo e investigar la realidad de la pesca con el arte llamado "maquina".]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sardinella]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Overfishing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Maturity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sardinella]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sobrepesca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Madurez]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Manejo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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