<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-7799</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[TecnoLógicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[TecnoL.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-7799</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano - ITM]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-77992023000200202</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22430/22565337.2667</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Acid Soils Collected from Different Agricultural Systems in the Piedemonte Llanero in Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación del riesgo por metales pesados en suelos ácidos bajo diferentes sistemas agrícolas en el Piedemonte Llanero de Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trujillo-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Deiver Alexis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jose Ismael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marlon]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo-Monroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgar Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco Aurelio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-Ballesta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raimundo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Llanos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Villavicencio ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Llanos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Villavicencio ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Llanos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Villavicencio ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Innovación y Tecnología- Ecopetrol S.A  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bucaramanga ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Innovación y Tecnología- Ecopetrol S.A  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bucaramanga ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Llanos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Villavicencio ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad Real ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>57</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-77992023000200202&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-77992023000200202&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-77992023000200202&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Agricultural soils may become polluted by heavy metals as a result of receiving a significant amount of pollutants from different sources of land applications, such as fertilizers, animal manure, sewage sludge, pesticides, and wastewater irrigation. Given that information on the distribution of heavy metals (HMs) in the Piedemonte Llanero of Colombia is still quite limited, the main objectives of this work were to characterize the content of these elements and their potential pollution level in acidic soils under different agricultural systems. The hypothesis is to verify if the type of land use poses an environmental threat. To achieve these goals, the concentrations of seven metals were determined in the soils of three agricultural production systems: oil palm, pastures, and semi-annual crops. Soil contamination was evaluated based on the Geo-Accumulation Index (I-geo), contamination factor (CF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Nemerov Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI). One outstanding result was that the average concentrations of HMs in the collected topsoil samples were as follows: Mn (110.5 mg kg-1), Zn (31.93 mg kg-1), Cr (8.85 mg kg-1), Ni (11.68 mg kg-1), Cu (11.28 mg kg-1), Pb (9.42 mg kg-1) and Cd (0.21 mg kg-1). The results obtained from this study provide an estimation of the pollution status of HMs. Agricultural activities, especially the overuse of phosphate fertilizer, were the main source of nutrients across the study area. This information can become a fundamental tool to establish monitoring and follow-up processes for sustainable soil management in the Piedemonte Llanero. In conclusion, the present study highlights and provides specific information in a hyperhumid environment.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los suelos agrícolas pueden contaminarse con metales pesados como consecuencia de recibir una cantidad significativa de contaminantes procedentes de diferentes fuentes de aplicaciones terrestres, tales como fertilizantes, estiércol animal, lodos de depuradora, pesticidas y/o riego con aguas residuales. Dado que la información sobre la distribución de metales pesados (MP) en el Piedemonte llanero de Colombia es aún bastante limitada, el objetivo principal de este trabajo fue caracterizar el contenido de estos elementos y su potencial nivel de contaminación en suelos ácidos bajo diferentes sistemas agrícolas. La hipótesis es verificar si el tipo de uso representa una amenaza ambiental. Para lograr estos objetivos, se determinaron las concentraciones de siete metales en los suelos de tres sistemas de producción agrícola: palma aceitera, pastos y cultivos semestrales. La contaminación del suelo se evaluó con base al índice de geo-acumulación (I-geo), el factor de contaminación (FC), el índice de carga contaminación (ICC) y el índice de contaminación integrada de Nemerov (ICIN). Un resultado sobresaliente fue que las concentraciones promedio de MP en las muestras de suelo recolectadas fueron en general: Mn (110.5 mg kg-1), Zn (31.93 mg kg-1), Cr (8.85 mg kg-1), Ni (11.68 mg kg-1), Cu (11.28 mg kg-1), Pb (9.42 mg kg-1) y Cd (0.21 mg kg-1). Las actividades agrícolas, especialmente el uso excesivo de fertilizantes fosfatados, fueron la principal fuente de nutrientes en toda el área de estudio. Esta información puede convertirse en una herramienta básica para establecer procesos de monitoreo y seguimiento que permitan establecer un manejo sustentable del suelo en el Piedemonte llanero. Además, los resultados obtenidos de este estudio constituyen una estimación del estado de contaminación de los MP en el contexto específico de un ambiente hiperhúmedo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Contamination factor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pollution load index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nemerov integrated pollution index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[geo-accumulation index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heavy metals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tropical soils]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Factor de contaminación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de carga de contaminación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de contaminación integrado de Nemerov]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Índice de geoacumulación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metales pesados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[suelos tropicales]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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