<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0124-4035</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Desafíos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Desafíos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0124-4035</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo de Estudios Políticos e Internacionales, Facultad de Estudios Internacionales, Políticos y Urbanos de la Universidad del Rosario. ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0124-40352023000300002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/desafios/a.13208</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ucrania, la guerra y las nuevas descolonizaciones]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ukraine, War and New Decolonizations]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Ucrânia, a guerra e as novas descolonizações]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patino Villa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almario García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Óscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>spe</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0124-40352023000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0124-40352023000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0124-40352023000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La invasión rusa al territorio ucraniano, iniciada en febrero de 2022, ha marcado un hito en las relaciones internacionales contemporáneas y un impacto sustancial en el sistema internacional. El artículo se centra en proponer, desde el campo comprensivo de las ciencias sociales y humanas, el entendimiento de estos acontecimientos, por lo demás, inéditos en la política mundial actual, a partir de tres conceptos fundamentales: (i) la justificación rusa de sus acciones, como parte de un proceso de reimperialización, amparándose en un relato histórico, para reclamar antiguos territorios; (ii) la perspectiva ucraniana, que se enmarca en una postura neonacionalista, como estrategia de defensa armada de su territorio y proyecto político como Estado soberano e independiente, y (iii) desde la perspectiva de las descolonizaciones, que pretende indagar sobre la relación y la tensión de ambos campos de fuerza (Rusia y Ucrania), a la luz de procesos históricos que se reactualizan y reconfiguran el mapa geopolítico mundial.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The aggression of Russian troops on Ukrainian territory that began in February 2022 has marked a milestone in contemporary international relations and has had a substantial impact on the current international system. This article focuses on deepening the understanding of these unprecedented events in contemporary world politics drawing on three fundamental perspectives: (i) from the Russian vision that justifies its actions as part of its re-imperialization process; (ii) from the Ukranian perspective, framed in a neonationalist stance, as a strategy of armed defense of its territory and of its political project for an independent and sovereign state; and (iii) from the perspective of decolonization processes, which seek to investigate the relationship and conceptualization of the current war between Russia and Ukraine.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO A agressão das tropas russas ao território ucraniano, iniciada em fevereiro de 2022, constituiu um marco nas relações internacionais contemporâneas e um impacto substancial no sistema internacional. Este artigo tem como objetivo propor, a partir do campo abrangente das ciências sociais e humanas, a compreensão desses acontecimentos, de outra forma inéditos na política mundial atual, com base em três conceitos fundamentais: (i) a justificativa russa de suas ações, como parte de um processo de re-imperialização, apoiando-se em um relato histórico, para reivindicar antigos territórios; (ii) a perspectiva ucraniana, que se enquadra numa posição neonacionalista, como estratégia de defesa armada do seu território e projeto político como Estado soberano e (iii) independente; e na perspectiva das descolonizações, que visa investigar a relação e a tensão de ambos os campos de força, à (Rússia e Ucrânia) luz de processos históricos que atualizam e reconfiguram o mapa geopolítico mundial.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reimperialización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[neonacionalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[descolonizaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[guerra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Rusia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ucrania]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Re-imperialization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nationalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[decolonications]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[war]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Russia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ukraine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[re-imperialização]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[neonacionalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[descolonizações]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[guerra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Rússia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Ucrânia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almario García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Etnias, regiones y Estado nacional en Colombia: Resistencias y etnogénesis en el Gran Cauca]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. Colom]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Relatos de nación: La construcción de las identidades nacionales en el mundo hispánico]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>ii</volume>
<page-range>801-20</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Iberoamericana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almario García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Castas y razas en la Independencia neogranadina, 1810-1830: Identidad y alteridad en los orígenes de la nación colombiana]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Comisión para la Celebración del Bicentenario]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comunidades imaginadas: Reflexiones sobre el origen y la difusión del nacionalismo]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Annino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro Leiva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[De los imperios a las naciones: Iberoamérica]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ibercaja]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armitage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tres conceptos de historia atlántica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Occidente]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>281</numero>
<issue>281</issue>
<page-range>7-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armitage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La primera Crisis Atlántica: La revolución americana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[20/10: El mundo atlántico y la modernidad iberoamericana, 1750-1850]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[GM Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baqués]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El papel de Rusia en el conflicto de Ucrania: ¿La guerra híbrida de las grandes potencias?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios en Seguridad Internacional]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>41-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charap]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Russia's military interventions: Patterns, drivers, and signposts]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rand Corporation]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chust]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La independencia en Hispanoamérica: Reflexiones, revisiones y cuestiones antes de los bicentenarios]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<month>a</month>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>385-414</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chust]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[1808: La eclosión juntera en el mundo hispano]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<month>b</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colom González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El fuste torcido de la hispanidad]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colom González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relatos de nación: La construcción de las identidades nacionales en el mundo hispánico]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conrad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>Iberoamericana</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Historia global]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Crítica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Della Porta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keating]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Enfoques y metodologías de las ciencias sociales: Una perspectiva pluralista]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Akal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado Ribas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La desintegración del imperio español: Un caso de descolonización frustrada (1797-1837)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Illes i imperis: Estudios de Historia de las Sociedades en el Mundo Colonial y Post-colonial]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>5-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echevarría Bacigalupe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Á]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[En los orígenes del espacio global: Una historia de la mundialización]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Catarata]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eisenstadt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las primeras múltiples modernidades: Identidades colectivas, esferas públicas y orden político en las Américas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>LWII</volume>
<numero>218</numero>
<issue>218</issue>
<page-range>129-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Sebastián]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diccionario político y social del mundo iberoamericano: Iberconceptos I]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Carolina-Sociedad Estatal de Conmemoraciones-Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Sebastián]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diccionario político y social del siglo XX español]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia de Rusia]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taurus]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Florescano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Etnia, Estado y nación: Ensayo sobre las identidades colectivas en México]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taurus]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fradera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La nación imperial: Derechos, representación y ciudadanía en los imperios de Gran Bretaña, Francia, España y Estados Unidos (1750-1918) (2 vols.)]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edhasa. Geertz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La interpretación de las culturas]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gellner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Naciones y nacionalismo]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gessen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El futuro es historia: Rusia y el regreso del totalitarismo]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Turner]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grigas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Beyond Crimea: The new Russian empire]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modernidad e independencias: Ensayos sobre las revoluciones hispánicas]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Encuentro]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higgings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ukraine's newly elected president is Jewish: So is its Prime Minister. Not all jews there are pleased]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hobsbawm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Naciones y nacionalismo desde 1780]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Crítica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knöbl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría social: Veinte lecciones introductorias]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Akal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kinder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hilgemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atlas histórico mundial]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Istmo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koselleck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historias de conceptos: Estudios sobre semántica y pragmática del lenguaje político y social]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trotta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koselleck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El concepto de Estado y otros ensayos (compilación de Elías J. Palti; Claudio S. Ingerflom)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La relación OTAN-Rusia: Percepciones mutuas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Estrategia]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<numero>101</numero>
<issue>101</issue>
<page-range>139-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucena Giraldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Naciones de rebeldes: Las revoluciones de independencia latinoamericanas]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taurus]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las fuentes del poder social: Una historia del poder desde los comienzos hasta 1760 d. C]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nacionalismo e imperialismo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ball]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia del pensamiento político del siglo XX]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>115-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Un mensaje para cada país: Así se dirige Zelenski al mundo antes de su intervención en España]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El País]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pensar la historia globalmente]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osterhammel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Colonialism: A theoretical overview]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Markus Wiener Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osterhammel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La transformación del mundo: Una historia global del siglo XIX]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Crítica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The imperial syndrome and its influence on Russian nationalism]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kosto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The New Russian nationalism: Imperialism, ethnicity and authoritarianism 2000-2015]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edinhburg University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pastor Sanmillán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La descolonización del Tercer Mundo]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Akal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patiño Villa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Imperios contra Estados.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Debate]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patiño Villa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guerra en Ucrania: Origen, contexto y repercusiones de una guerra estratégica de impacto global]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Debate]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Un otoño decisivo para Ucrania]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudios y Documentación Internacionales de Barcelona]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Vejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Elegía criolla: Una reinterpretación de las guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tusquets]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piketty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Capital e ideología]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Planeta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piketty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Una breve historia de la igualdad (Trad. de Daniel Fuentes)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ariel]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plokhy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El último imperio]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Turner]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polanyi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Capitalismo universal o planificación regional?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polanyi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los límites del mercado: Reflexiones sobre economía, antropología y democracia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>301-11</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Capitán Swing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pomeranz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The great divergence: China, Europe and the making modern world economy]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portillo Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Crisis Atlántica: Autonomía e independencia en la crisis de la monarquía hispana]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Marcial Pons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portillo Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Una historia atlántica de los orígenes de la Nación y el Estado: España y las Españas en el siglo XIX]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez O.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Independencia de la América española]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz Ramas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ucrania: De la revolución del Maidán a la Guerra del Donbass]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comunicación Social]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanches]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rusia y Ucrania: "¿Desnazificar Ucrania?": La historia detrás de la justificación de Putin para invadir Ucrania]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[BBC News Mundo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Blitzkrieg or minor incursion? Putin's choice could determine world reaction]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sassen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Territorio, autoridad y derechos: De los ensamblajes medievales a los ensamblajes globales]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Katz]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schriewer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaelble]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La comparación en las ciencias sociales e históricas: Un debate interdisciplinar]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Octaedro-ICE-UB]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tending their wounds, vowing to fight on]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The ethnic origins of nations]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Basil Blackwell]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snyder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The war in Ukraine has unleashed a new word: In a creative play on three different languages, Ukrainians identify an enemy: "ruscism"]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>,</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subrahmanyam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aux origines de l'histoire globale]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Collège de France]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kampelman Fellow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Debuking "denazification"]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>,</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>The Print Team</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Full text of Vladimir Putin's speech announcing 'special military operation' in Ukraine]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>,</month>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Print]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tilly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Coerción, capital y los Estados europeos, 990-1990]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trotsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sobre la liberación nacional (Trad. Susana Rodríguez)]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pluma]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>US Department of State</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Para denigrar a Ucrania, el Kremlin recurre al antisemitismo]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<month>,</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hébrard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thibaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Homenaje a François-Xavier Guerra: Tiempos de América]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Historia, Cultura y Territorio]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>87-119</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Europa y la gente sin historia]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woronowycz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Former president Bush returns to Kyiv, comments on "Chicken Kiev" speech]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Ukrainian Weekly]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<month>,</month>
<volume>LXXII</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
