<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1900-6586</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Científica General José María Córdova]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Cient. Gen. José María Córdova]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1900-6586</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escuela Militar de Cadetes "General José María Córdova"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1900-65862025000400859</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21830/19006586.1563</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A latent class analysis to identify typologies of human trafficking victims: The control-intensity spectrum]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Un análisis de clases latentes para identificar tipologías de víctimas de trata de personas: El espectro de intensidad de control]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias-Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Rabdan Academy  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Abu Dhabi ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Arab Emirates</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>52</numero>
<fpage>859</fpage>
<lpage>882</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1900-65862025000400859&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1900-65862025000400859&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1900-65862025000400859&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT. Using latent class analysis on 23,884 trafficking victims from the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative Global Synthetic Dataset (representing 9.3% of 257,969 total cases after data quality filters), this study identified six distinct victim typologies characterized by varying control intensities. The analysis revealed that 50.3% of victims experienced "low overt control" trafficking with minimal coercive methods, challenging dominant paradigms that equate trafficking with extreme coercion. Classes ranged from high-intensity labor trafficking (9.9% of the sample, with 94.8% experiencing debt bondage) to low-control sexual exploitation (29.2% of the sample, with &lt;5% experiencing traditional control methods). Significant temporal (Cramer's V = 0.213) and geographic (V = 0.342) variation in class distributions suggests context-dependent trafficking patterns rather than universal typologies. These findings support reconceptualizing trafficking along a control intensity spectrum and developing differentiated interventions tailored to distinct victim experiences within identified trafficking populations.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN. Mediante un análisis de clases latentes aplicado a 23.884 víctimas de trata de personas procedentes del Conjunto de Datos Sintéticos Globales de la Colaboración para la Lucha contra la Trata de Personas (que representan el 9,3% del total de 257.969 casos tras la aplicación de filtros de calidad de datos), este estudio identificó seis tipologías distintas de víctimas caracterizadas por diferentes intensidades de control. El análisis reveló que el 50,3% de las víctimas experimentaron trata con un bajo grado de control manifiesto, con métodos coercitivos mínimos, lo que cuestiona los paradigmas dominantes que equiparan la trata con la coerción extrema. Las clases abarcaron desde la trata laboral de alta intensidad (9,9% de la muestra, de las cuales el 94,8% sufrió servidumbre por deudas) hasta la explotación sexual con bajo grado de control (29,2% de la muestra, de las cuales menos del 5% sufrió métodos de control tradicionales). La significativa variación temporal (V de Cramer = 0,213) y geográfica (V = 0,342) en la distribución de las clases sugiere patrones de trata dependientes del contexto, en lugar de tipologías universales. Estos hallazgos respaldan la reconceptualización de la trata de personas a lo largo de un espectro de intensidad de control y el desarrollo de intervenciones diferenciadas adaptadas a las distintas experiencias de las víctimas dentro de las poblaciones de trata identificadas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coercion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[global synthetic dataset]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human trafficking]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[latent class analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[victim identification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis de clases latentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[coacción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conjunto de datos sintéticos globales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[identificación de víctimas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[trata de personas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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