<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2462-9103</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Ciudades, Estados y Política]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Ciudades Estados Política]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2462-9103</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Sede Bogotá). Instituto de Estudios Urbanos (IEU).]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2462-91032022000200047</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Las fronteras en Colombia: su origen, evolución, pérdida e importancia en las relaciones internacionales]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Borders in Colombia: their origin, evolution, loss, and importance in international relations]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Fronteiras na Colômbia: sua origem, evolução, perda e importância nas relações internacionais]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cano Blandón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodolfo León]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Externado de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>47</fpage>
<lpage>68</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2462-91032022000200047&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2462-91032022000200047&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2462-91032022000200047&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La política exterior colombiana es reciente. La configuración territorial del país en 1819, su unión a Venezuela y Ecuador en la Gran Colombia y su posterior disolución en 1831 obligaron a la naciente república a constituir relaciones con los demás Estados. A partir de las primeras constituciones promulgadas desde 1810 las relaciones internacionales quedaron plasmadas en las consecutivas cartas políticas. No obstante, a pesar de haberse escrito dieciséis constituciones políticas durante cerca de doscientos años de vida republicana y de haber considerado la política exterior como un elemento fundamental dentro de la evolución y maduración del Estado colombiano, las fronteras territoriales y marítimas de Colombia estuvieron sumidas en el atraso y en el olvido estatal, y las políticas e inversiones en dichos territorios fueron deficientes. Se estima que Colombia ha cedido gran parte de su territorio continental y marítimo a países como Venezuela, Brasil, Perú, Ecuador, Panamá y en el mar Caribe con Venezuela y Nicaragua. La cesión del territorio confirma la falta de visión política, marítima y prospectiva del Estado colombiano, respecto a territorios de suma importancia para la configuración del país. Por esta y otras razones el presente artículo desarrolla el tema de los territorios fronterizos colombianos, su nacimiento con el uti possidetis iuris de 1810, su sufrida y malograda negociación con los países vecinos, su evolución y las cesiones territoriales y marítimas durante los últimos dos siglos de vida republicana1.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Colombian foreign policy is recent. The territorial configuration of the country in 1819, its union with Venezuela and Ecuador in Gran Colombia, and its subsequent dissolution in 1831 forced the nascent republic to establish relations with the other States. From the first constitutions promulgated in 1810, international relations were reflected in consecutive political letters. However, despite having written sixteen political constitutions during nearly two hundred years of republican life and having considered foreign policy as a fundamental element in the evolution and maturation of the Colombian State, Colombia's territorial and maritime borders were submerged in backwardness and state oblivion, and policies and investments in these territories were deficient. It is estimated that Colombia has ceded a large part of its continental and maritime territory to countries such as Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, and Nicaragua. The cession of the territory confirms the lack of political, maritime, and prospective vision of the Colombian State regarding territories of great importance for the country's configuration. For this and other reasons, this text develops the theme of the Colombian border territories, their birth with the uti possidetis iuris of 1810, their long-suffering and unsuccessful negotiation with neighboring countries, their evolution, and territorial and maritime cessions during the last two centuries of republican life.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A política exterior colombiana é recente. A configuração territorial do país em 1819, sua união à Venezuela e ao Equador na Grande Colômbia e sua posterior dissolução em 1831 obrigaram a nascente república a constituir relações com os demais Estados. A partir das primeiras constituições promulgadas desde 1810, as relações internacionais ficaram registradas nas consecutivas cartas políticas. Contudo, apesar de terem sido escritas 16 constituições políticas durante cerca de 200 anos de vida republicana e de ter considerado a política exterior como um elemento fundamental dentro da evolução e amadurecimento do Estado colombiano, as fronteiras territoriais e marítimas da Colômbia estiveram submersas no atraso e no esquecimento estatal, e as políticas e investimentos nesses territórios foram deficientes. Estima-se que a Colômbia tenha cedido grande parte de seu território continental e marítimo a países como a Venezuela, o Brasil, o Peru, o Equador, o Panamá e, no mar Caribe, à Venezuela e à Nicarágua. A cessão do território confirma a falta de visão política, marítima e prospectiva do Estado colombiano, a respeito de territórios de suma importância para configurar o país. Por essa e outras razões, este texto desenvolve o tema dos territórios fronteiriços colombianos, seu nascimento com o uti possidetis iuris de 1810, sua sofrida e fracassada negociação com os países vizinhos, sua evolução e as cessões territoriais e marítimas durante os últimos dois séculos de vida republicana.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fronteras terrestres]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fronteras marítimas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pérdidas territoriales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política exterior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[relaciones internacionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[land borders]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[maritime borders]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[territorial losses]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[foreign policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[international relations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[fronteiras terrestres]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[fronteiras marítimas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[perdas territoriais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[política exterior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[relações internacionais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Colômbia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bethell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia de América Latina]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schendel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[van]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toward a comparative history of borderland]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of World History]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fronts et frontières, un tour du monde géopolitique]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fayard]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Le retour des frontières]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CNRS Éditions]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[700 000 km 2 de territorio ha perdido Colombia. Cedimos la "mitad más grande"]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Villavicencio ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad del Meta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>International Court of Justice</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Maritime delimitation in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean (Costa Rica V. Nicaragua). And land boundary in the Northern part of Isla Portillos (Costa Rica V. Nicaragua)]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kissinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La diplomacia]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Londoño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho territorial de Colombia]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Imprenta y litografía de las fuerzas militares]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Londoño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cuestiones de límites]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Retina]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Londoño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia en el laberinto del Caribe]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad del Rosario]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Londoño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Episodios sobre la fijación de las fronteras nacionales]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad del Rosario]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La independencia del Ecuador]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banrepcultural]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patiño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guerra y Construcción del Estado en Colombia 1810-2010]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad Militar Nueva Granada]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>República de Colombia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Venezuela. Límites. Proyecto presentado por el Plenipotenciario de Venezuela]]></source>
<year>1914</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>República de Honduras</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Constitución de la República de Honduras. Decreto no. 131 del 11 de enero de 1982]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<numero>23 612</numero>
<issue>23 612</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Tegucigalpa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gaceta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La frontera norte ecuatoriana ante la influencia del conflicto colombiano, las sorprendentes dimensiones de la dinámica fronteriza entre la provincia de Carchi y el departamento de Nariño]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Abya-Yala]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The significance of the frontier in American history]]></source>
<year>1893</year>
<page-range>199-227</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Report of the American Historical Association]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El significado de la frontera en la historia americana]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<page-range>187-207</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Secuencia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hacia una conciencia marítima]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Comando General de las Fuerzas Militares]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Meridiano 82, Frontera marítima entre Colombia y Nicaragua]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Fundación de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mares de Colombia. La acción diplomática que duplicó el territorio nacional]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Fundación de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los últimos derechos de Colombia en el Canal de Panamá]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Derecho, Ciencias Políticas y Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nota diplomática GM 542 del Canciller de Colombia Juan Uribe Holguín]]></source>
<year>1952</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cartas de Batalla, una crítica del constitucionalismo colombiano]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Panamericana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vangelista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frontiera]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tranfaglia, Nicola (Diretta), Il mondo contemporaneo]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Firenze ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Enciclopedia di storia e scienze sociali, Storia Dell'America Latina, a cura di Marcello Carmagnani]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vangelista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los Guaikurú, españoles y portugueses en una región de frontera: Mato Grosso, 1770-1830]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín del Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana "Dr. Emilio Ravignani"]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vangelista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las relaciones hispano-portuguesas en el norte de Mato Grosso, siglos XVIII-XIX]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Porto Alegre ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Años 90]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vangelista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Scatti sugli indios. Ricerche di storia visive]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Roma ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Aracne]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Contribución al debate sobre la formación del Estado colombiano en el siglo XIX]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad Externado de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia no es una isla. Una contribución al debate sobre la formación del Estado colombiano en el entorno global]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad Externado de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wæver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Security the speech act: Analysing the politics of a word]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Copenhagen ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centre for Peace and Conflict Research]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wæver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Securitization and desecuritization]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Columbia University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
