<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-0690</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Colom Cienc Pecua]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-0690</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-06902025000200002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.rccp.e358700</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Agronomic characteristics of Tamani grass under different defoliation frequencies and intensities]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Características agronómicas del pasto Tamani bajo diferentes frecuencias e intensidades de defoliación]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Características agronômicas do capim Tamani sob diferentes frequências e intensidades de desfolha]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eulalia JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nascimento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bruno B]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furtado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael N]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasconcelos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elayne CG]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otaviano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emanoella KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José BS]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pompeu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto CFF]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cândido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Magno JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Ceará Departamento de Zootecnia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Fortaleza Ceará]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Paulistana Piauí]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Zootecnia Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Piracicaba São Paulo,]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Sobral Ceará]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-06902025000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-06902025000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-06902025000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background:  Management strategies may affect plant growth and herbage characteristics. Thus, understanding their impact may help to define appropriate management.  Objective:  To evaluate the effect of different defoliation intensities and frequencies on structural characteristics, biomass components, and the potential use of NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) in pastures with Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Tamani.  Methods:  A randomized block design in a 2x3 factorial arrangement was adopted, with two defoliation frequencies (85 and 95% interception of photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) and three defoliation intensities (residual leaf area index (LAIr) of 0.8, 1.3, and 1.8).  Results:  The frequency of defoliation affected the pre-defoliation leaf area index, height, total harvestable forage biomass (HTFB), and harvestable leaf blade (HGLB), with higher values for pastures managed at 95% IPAR. The effect of defoliation intensity was observed for HTFB and HGLB, where pastures with lower LAIr presented higher biomass values. Pastures managed at 95% IPAR and higher LAIr reached the saturation level of the NDVI more quickly. Pastures managed under the combination of 95% IPAR and LAIr of 0.8 showed higher production of harvestable green stem biomass and harvestable dead forage biomass. The combination of 95% IPAR with LAIr of 0.8 or 1.8 enabled a higher number of new live leaves when compared to pastures with 85% IPAR.  Conclusion:  Tamani grass must be managed with a defoliation frequency of 95% interception of photosynthetically active radiation, maintaining a residual leaf area index between 0.8 and 1.3.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes:  Las estrategias de manejo pueden afectar el crecimiento de las plantas y las características del pasto. Por lo tanto, comprender su impacto puede ayudar a definir un manejo más adecuado.  Objetivo:  Evaluar el efecto de diferentes intensidades y frecuencias de defoliación sobre las características estructurales, los componentes de la biomasa y el uso potencial del NDVI (índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada) en pastos con Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Tamani.  Métodos:  Se adoptó un diseño de bloques al azar en un arreglo factorial 2 × 3, con dos frecuencias de defoliación (85 y 95% de intercepción de radiación fotosintéticamente activa (IPAR)) y tres intensidades de defoliación (índice de área foliar residual (LAIr) de 0,8, 1,3 y 1,8).  Resultados:  La frecuencia de defoliación afectó el índice de área foliar previo a la defoliación, la altura, la biomasa forrajera total cosechable (HTFB) y la lámina foliar cosechable (HGLB), con valores superiores para los pastos manejados con 95% de IPAR. El efecto de la intensidad de defoliación se observó en las variables HTFB y HGLB, donde los pastos con menor LAIr presentaron mayores valores de biomasa. Los pastos manejados con 95% de IPAR y mayor LAIr alcanzaron el nivel de saturación del NDVI más rápidamente. Los pastos manejados con una combinación de 95% de IPAR y LAIr de 0,8 mostraron mayor producción de biomasa de tallo verde cosechable y biomasa de forraje muerto cosechable. La combinación de 95% de IPAR con LAIr de 0,8 o 1,8 permitió un mayor número de hojas vivas nuevas en comparación con los pastos con 85% de IPAR.  Conclusiones:  El pasto Tamani debe manejarse con una frecuencia de defoliación del 95% de intercepción de la radiación fotosintéticamente activa, manteniendo un índice de área foliar residual entre 0,8 y 1,3.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Antecedentes:  Estratégias de manejo podem afetar o crescimento das plantas e as características da pastagem. Assim, o entendimento do impacto pode ajudar a definir manejos mais adequados.  Objetivo:  Avaliar o efeito de diferentes intensidades e frequências de desfolhamento sobre as características estruturais, os componentes da biomassa e o potencial de uso do NDVI (índice de vegetação de diferença normalizada) em pastagens com Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Tamani.  Métodos:  Adotou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 × 3, com duas frequências de desfolhamento (85 e 95% de interceptação da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (IPAR)) e três intensidades de desfolhamento (índice de área foliar residual (LAIr) de 0,8, 1,3 e 1,8).  Resultados:  A frequência de desfolha afetou o índice de área foliar pré-desfolhamento, a altura, a biomassa forrageira total colhível (HTFB) e a lâmina foliar colhível (HGLB), com maiores valores para pastagens manejadas com 95% de IPAR. O efeito da intensidade de desfolha foi observado nas variáveis HTFB e HGLB, onde pastagens com menor LAIr apresentaram maiores valores de biomassa. As pastagens manejadas com 95% de IPAR e maior LAIr atingiram o nível de saturação do NDVI mais rapidamente. As pastagens manejadas com uma combinação de 95% de IPAR e LAIr de 0,8 apresentaram maior produção de biomassa de colmo verde e biomassa de forragem morta colhível. A combinação de 95% de IPAR com LAIr de 0,8 ou 1,8 possibilitou um maior número de novas folhas vivas quando comparado às pastagens com 85% de IPAR.  Conclusões:  O capim Tamani deve ser manejado com uma frequência de desfolhamento de 95% de interceptação da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa, mantendo um índice de área foliar residual entre 0,8 e 1,3.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biomass]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[defoliation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[forage production]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[leaf area index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Megathyrsus maximus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pasture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[photosynthetically active radiation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[semiarid region]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vegetation index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biomasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[defoliación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de área foliar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de vegetación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Megathyrsus maximus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pastoreo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[producción de forraje]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[radiación fotosintéticamente activa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[región semiárida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[biomassa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[desfoliação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[índice de área foliar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[índice de vegetação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Megathyrsus maximus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pastagem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[produção de forragem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[radiação fotossinteticamente ativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[região semiárida]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ACS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mingoti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coelho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lourenço]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simulação do crescimento do capim Tanzânia irrigado com base na unidade fototérmica, na adubação nitrogenada e na disponibilidade hídrica do período.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Sci Agron.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>215-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CCP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cecato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galbeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutritive value of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia-1) grazed at different heights.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[R Bras Zootec.]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1959-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glienke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Structural and morphogenical characteristics of black oats and Italian ryegrass on pasture submitted to two grazing intensities.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[R Bras Zootec.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>2357-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Comissão de Fertilidade do Solo do Estado de Minas Gerais - CFSEMG</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Recomendações para uso de corretivos e fertilizantes em Minas Gerais.]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Viçosa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UFV]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magalhães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JÁ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bendahan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BHN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Agronomic performance and chemical composition of genotypes and cultivars of Megathyrsus maximus in Roraima&#8217;s savanas.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Res Soc Dev.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cutrim Júnior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JAA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cândido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BSM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carneiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MSS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carneiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HAV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Structural characteristcs of Tanzania grass canopy submitted to three frequencies of defoliation and two post-grazing residues.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[R Bras Zootec.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>489-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos - FUNCEME</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Calendários das chuvas no estado do Ceará [internet].]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gastal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemaire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Defoliation, shoot plasticity, sward structure and herbage utilization in pasture: review of the underlying ecophysiological processes.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agriculture.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1146-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomide]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fisiologia e manejo de plantlas forrageiras.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[R Soc Bras Zootec.]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>17-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance evaluation of spectral vegetation indices using a statistical sensitivity function.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Remote Sens Environ.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>59-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Köppen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Das geographische System der Klimate]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Köppen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geiger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbuch der Klimatologie.]]></source>
<year>1936</year>
<page-range>1-44</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlin ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gebrüder Borntraeger]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Plant physiological ecology.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NLS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruggieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malheiros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IAMA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tanzania grass structure grazed by goats managed with different residual leaf area index under intermittent stocking.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biosci J.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1811-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NLS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruggieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malheiros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Residual leaf area index as strategy to management of pasture: structure of Tanzania grass.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Bras Ciênc Agrár.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JRL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GOC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FNS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecophysiology of Andropogon grass subjected to different cutting frequencies and intensities.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Bras Eng Agrí Ambient.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>610-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martuscello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Assis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TGS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Production and morphogenesis of BRS Tamani grass under different nitrogen rates and defoliation intensities.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bol Ind Anim.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parsons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leafe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Penning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Physiology of Grass Production Under Grazing. II. Photosynthesis, Crop Growth and Animal Intake of Continuously-Grazed Swards.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Appl Ecol.]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>127-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Povh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gimenez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pauletti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Behavior of NDVI obtained from an active optical sensor in cereals.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pesq Agropec Bras.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1075-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Risso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rudorffm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BFT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shimabukuro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Formaggio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Epiphanio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RDV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modis vegetation indices applied to soybean area discrimination.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pesq Agropec Bras.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1317-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MER]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balbino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monnerat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JPIS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutritive value of tillers and morphological components on deferred and nitrogen fertilized pastures of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[R Bras Zootec.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1919-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosalen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of active optical sensor in the characteristics analysis of the fertigated Brachiaria with treated sewage.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eng. Agríc.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1213-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>SAS Institute</collab>
<source><![CDATA[SAS system for windows.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<edition>Version 9.0</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cary (NC) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAS Institute Inc.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cândido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pessoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JPM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalaznte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ACR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carneiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MSS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biomass components and structural features in Guinea grass under different frequencies and intensities of defoliation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pesq Agropec Bras.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1192-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexandrino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MVL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Megathyrsus Maximus cv. Massai submetido a frequências de corte.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Semin Ciênc Agrár.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1913-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tesk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CRM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CGS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sollenberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Herbage responses of Tamani and Quênia guineagrasses to grazing intensity.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agron J.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>2081-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasconcelos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ECG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cândido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pompeu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RCFF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalcante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ACR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Morphogenesis and biomass production of 'BRS Tamani' guinea grass under increasing nitrogen doses.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pesq Agropec Bras.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>55</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biomass flow of the Tanzânia grass under three defoliation frequencies and two post-grazing residues.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Bras Saúde Prod Na.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>618-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villa Nova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tonato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CGS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medeiros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alternate method to compute the base temperature of forage grasses.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cienc Rural.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>545-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
