0120-3053

S0120-30532024000200127

10.19053/uptc.01203053.v43.n78.2024.17728

Spain

00 12 2024

43 78 127 162

[1]

2015 53 53

16-38

[2]

2014 12 1 1

55-78

[3]

2001 61 1 1

100-10

[4]

2015 25 1 1

309-35

[5]

2016

[6]

CEPALSTAT 2022

[7]

Clean Air Institute 2013

[8]

2008

[9]

2014 39 39

165-70

[10]

2019 232 232

514-22

[11]

2021 44 5 5

390-408

[12]

Environmental Performance Index EPI 2022

[13]

2011 5

[14]

2023 150 150

103590

[15]

2018 21 2 2

206-21

[16]

1995 23 23

89-112

[17]

Global Reporting Initiative GRI 2022

[18]

Global Water Partnership GWP 2022

[19]

2020 114 114

422-35

[20]

1995 26 1 1

1-24

[21]

2009 7

[22]

2021 120 120

89-98

[23]

2024 20 1 1

109-38

[24]

1933 24 6 6

417-41

[25]

1936 1 1

27-35

[26]

2009

[27]

2024 912 912

168668

[28]

2023

111-36

[29]

2024 90 90

104676

[30]

2019 146 146

[31]

2020 115 115

1-10

[32]

2013

369-87

[33]

2014 39 39

934-48

[34]

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD 2022

[35]

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD 2023

[36]

2021

[37]

2021 13 14 14

[38]

1901 2 11 11

559-72

[39]

2022 15 15

1077

[40]

1991 264 4 4

[41]

2019 16 16

[42]

2000 16 3 3

225-49

[43]

2002

[44]

2020 253 253

119938

[45]

1998

[46]

System for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions SEEG 2021

[47]

2020 251 251

119519

[48]

The Amazon Environmental Research Institute IPAM 2021

[49]

2017 78 78

878-85

[50]

United Nations 2023

[51]

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC 2021

[52]

United Nations Environment Programme 2022

[53]

1963 58 301 301

236-44

[54]

World Bank 2022