<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-4157</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Biomed.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-4157</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-41572023000400457</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7705/biomedica.7065</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Actualización sobre la resistencia antimicrobiana en instituciones de salud de nivel III y IV en Colombia entre enero del 2018 y diciembre del 2021]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Update of antimicrobial resistance in level III and IV health institutions in Colombia between January 2018 and December 2021]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De La Cadena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elsa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pallares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Betancur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jessica A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Virginia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad El Bosque  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica Imbanaco Grupo Quirónsalud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>457</fpage>
<lpage>473</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-41572023000400457&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-41572023000400457&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-41572023000400457&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción. El comportamiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana es fundamental en el mejoramiento y ajuste de los programas de optimización de uso de antimicrobianos, la implementación de las guías terapéuticas y las precauciones que limitan la transmisión cruzada de bacterias resistentes entre pacientes. Desde el inicio del 2020, la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 desafió profundamente al sistema de salud y, según algunos reportes, aumentó las tasas de resistencia antimicrobiana.  Objetivo. Describir el comportamiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana en los microrganismos más frecuentes en veinte hospitales colombianos durante el periodo 2018-2021.  Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo basado en la información microbiológica reportada por veinte instituciones de salud de nivel III y IV, entre enero de 2018 y diciembre de 2021, en doce ciudades de Colombia, las cuales hacen parte del "Grupo para el estudio de la resistencia nosocomial en Colombia", liderado por la Universidad El Bosque. La identificación de género y especie de los microorganismos más frecuentes, junto con su perfil de resistencia frente a antibióticos marcadores, se determinaron mediante el análisis de los datos vía WHONET.  Resultados. En general, los 10 microorganismos más frecuentes analizados a lo largo de los 4 años no presentaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en sus perfiles de resistencia durante los cuatro años del periodo evaluado, de 2018 a 2021. En contraste, Pseudomonas aeruginosa aumentó su resistencia frente a piperacilinatazobactam y carbapenémicos, lo cual fue estadísticamente significativo.  Conclusiones. Los cambios en la resistencia antimicrobiana en estos años no han sido estadísticamente significativos, excepto para P. aeruginosa, bacteria que mostró un incremento en las tasas de resistencia a piperacilina-tazobactam y carbapenémicos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is a fundamental tool for the development, improvement, and adjustment of antimicrobial stewardship programs, therapeutic guidelines, and universal precautions to limit the cross-transmission of resistant bacteria between patients. Since the beginning of 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic profoundly challenged the health system and, according to some reports, increased the rates of antimicrobial resistance.  Objective. To describe the behavior of antimicrobial resistance of the most frequent bacterial pathogens in twenty Colombian hospitals from January 2018 to December 2021.  Materials and methods. We conducted a descriptive study based on the microbiological information recorded from January 2018 to December 2021 in twenty levels III and IV health institutions in twelve Colombian cities. We identified the species of the ten most frequent bacteria along with their resistance profile to the antibiotic markers after analyzing the data through WHONET.  Results. We found no statistically significant changes in most pathogens' resistance profiles from January 2018 to December 2021. Only Pseudomonas aeruginosa had a statistically significant increase in its resistance profile, particularly to piperacillin/ tazobactam and carbapenems.  Conclusions. The changes in antimicrobial resistance in these four years were not statistically significant except for P. aeruginosa to piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenems.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[farmacorresistencia microbiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[monitoreo epidemiológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Drug resistance, microbial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[epidemiological monitoring]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pillonetto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Increased detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bacteria in Latin America and the Caribbean during the COVID-19 pandemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Emerg Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<numero>28</numero>
<issue>28</issue>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
