<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-1129</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Ingeniería]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Fac. ing.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-1129</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-11292018000200061</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19053/01211129.v27.n48.2018.8073</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Morphology, mechanical strength and degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoate scaffolds]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Morfología, resistencia mecánica y degradación de plataformas de polihidroxialcanoato]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Morfologia, resistência mecânica e degradação de plataformas de polihidroxialcanoato]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arroyave-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana Maria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ossa-Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín Antioquía]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín Antioquía]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>48</numero>
<fpage>61</fpage>
<lpage>70</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-11292018000200061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-11292018000200061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-11292018000200061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Tissue engineering (TE) seeks to improve the unsatisfactory development of implants and medical procedures to solve bone and cartilage injuries. TE aims at regenerating tissues using cell growth platforms (scaffolds), which may consist of natural polymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). PHA is an innovative material useful in medical applications due to its degradation capability and bacterial origin that allows large-scale production and control final properties. In this research, we developed commercial PHA scaffolds using the lyophilization technique with a factorial experimental design. We used dichloromethane as PHA solvent, tergitol as surfactant, and liquid nitrogen (N2) for the freezing process. We characterized the PHA by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); and the scaffolds by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical compression and hydrolysis degradation tests. The characterization of the PHA indicated that the material is a mixture of PHA and polylactic acid (PLA). The results showed a suitable pore distribution for migration of chondrocytes through the scaffold, in addition to a behavior similar to that of the articular cartilage, although it presented lower mechanical strength. Also, the scaffolds displayed mass loss in a non-linear way related to the percentage of PHA present in the sample. In conclusion, PHA scaffolds have a potential use in tissue engineering for restoring articular cartilage.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Actualmente, el desarrollo de implantes o procedimientos médicos para resolver lesiones óseas o cartilaginosas no cumple satisfactoriamente con los requerimientos funcionales del tejido afectado; una solución alternativa es el uso de la ingeniería de tejidos (IT), que busca regenerar el tejido con plataformas de crecimiento celular fabricadas, por ejemplo, con polímeros naturales, como el polihidroxialcanoato (PHA), que permite la reconstrucción del tejido gracias a su capacidad de degradación, y cuyo origen bacteriano permite la producción a gran escala y el control de las propiedades finales. En este proyecto se desarrollaron scaffolds de PHA comercial, mediante la técnica de liofilización, con un diseño experimental factorial, utilizando diclorometano como solvente, Tergitol como surfactante y nitrógeno líquido (N2) como congelante. El PHA se caracterizó con espectroscopia de infrarrojo (FTIR) y análisis termogravimétrico (TGA). Los scaffolds obtenidos se caracterizaron con microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM), ensayos mecánicos de compresión y ensayos de degradación hidrolítica. Los análisis sobre el PHA indicaron que el material es una mezcla de dicho polímero y ácido poliláctico (PLA). Los scaffolds mostraron una distribución de poros adecuada para la migración de condrocitos a través de ellos y presentaron un comportamiento similar al cartílago articular, pero una menor resistencia mecánica; también se encontró que la pérdida de masa está relacionada con el porcentaje de PHA presente en la muestra de una forma no lineal. En conclusión, los scaffolds de PHA tienen un potencial uso en la ingeniería de tejidos para la restauración de cartílago articular.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Atualmente, o desenvolvimento de implantes ou procedimentos médicos para resolver lesões ósseas ou cartilaginosas não cumpre satisfatoriamente com os requerimentos funcionais do tecido afetado; uma solução alternativa é o uso da engenharia de tecidos (IT), que busca regenerar o tecido com plataformas de crescimento celular fabricadas, por exemplo, com polímeros naturais, como o polihidroxialcanoato (PHA), que permite a reconstrução do tecido graças a sua capacidade de degradação, e cuja origem bacteriana permite a produção a grande escala e o controle das propriedades finais. Neste projeto desenvolveram-se scaffolds de PHA comercial, mediante a técnica de liofilização, com um desenho experimental fatorial, utilizando diclorometano como solvente, Tergitol como surfactante e nitrogênio líquido (N2) como congelante. O PHA caracterizou-se com espectroscopia de infravermelho (FTIR) e análise termogravimétrica (TGA). Os scaffolds obtidos caracterizaram-se com microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM), ensaios mecânicos de compressão e ensaios de degradação hidrolítica. As análises sobre o PHA indicaram que o material é uma mistura deste polímero e ácido poliláctico (PLA). Os scaffolds mostraram uma distribuição de poros adequada para a migração de condrócitos através deles e apresentaram um comportamento similar à cartilagem articular, mas uma menor resistência mecânica; também se encontrou que a perda de massa está relacionada com a porcentagem de PHA presente na amostra de uma forma não lineal. Em conclusão, os scaffolds de PHA têm um potencial uso na engenharia de tecidos para a restauração de cartilagem articular.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[articular cartilage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[polyhydroxyalkanoate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scaffolds]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tissue engineering]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[andamios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cartílago articular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ingeniería de tejidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polihidroxialcanoato]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[andaimes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cartilagem articular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[engenharia de tecidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[polihidroxialcanoato]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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