<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-750X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[ing.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-750X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-750X2023000200207</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14483/23448393.20094</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Defending State-Feedback Based Controllers Against Sensor Attacks]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Defensa de los controladores basados en realimentación de estado contra ataques de sensores]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cómbita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quijano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicanor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Álvaro A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of California  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Cruz CA]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-750X2023000200207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-750X2023000200207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-750X2023000200207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Context:  This paper is motivated by the need to improve the resilience of industrial control systems. Many control systems currently operating in the industry were designed and implemented before the boom in communications (wired and wireless networks) within industrial control systems. However, nowadays, they operate connected to the communications network. This increase in connectivity has made these systems susceptible to cyber-attacks that seek to deteriorate the proper operation of the control loop, even when affecting only one sensor.  Method:  Concepts from fault tolerant control and classic control theory are used to show that it is possible to reconstruct the system state without (any) one of the system outputs. This is employed in the control action signal recalculation through an algorithm of attack detection and isolation, in order to prevent an attack being from fed back to the system, mitigating its effect. This work shows the effectiveness of our proposal with simulations on a four tanks testbed using Matlab and Simulink.  Results:  This work demonstrates that a bank of unknown input observers can be designed to recover true information from attacked sensors, i.e., the information without the effect of the attack. Therefore, the estimate obtained from said observers can be utilized for computing a control action that mitigates the effect of the attack.  Conclusions:  This mitigation prevents a single sensor attack from significantly impairing the action of low-level controllers, improving the resilience of the system by only modifying the digital controller architecture. This development is limited to cyber-attacks on system sensors happening one at a time, which can still seriously compromise the system behavior. Future work will address the extension of the results to situations with simultaneous attacks on more than one sensor and/or consider attacks on the control system actuators.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Contexto: La motivación de este artículo es la necesidad de mejorar la resiliencia en sistemas de control industriales. Muchos de los sistemas de control que operan actualmente en la industria fueron diseñados e implementados antes de que se diera el boom de las comunicaciones (cableadas a inalámbricas) dentro de los sistemas de control industrial. Sin embargo, estos sistemas funcionan conectados en red. Dicho incremento en la conectividad ha hecho que estos sistemas sean susceptibles a ataques cibernéticos que buscan degradar la operación adecuada del lazo de control con tan solo afectar un sensor.  Método:  Se utilizan conceptos de control tolerante a fallos y teoría de control clásica para demostrar que es posible estimar el estado del sistema sin una de las salidas del sistema (cualquiera). Esto se emplea para recalcular la acción de control a partir de un algoritmo que detecta y aisla el ataque, evitando que este sea realimentado al sistema y, por ende, mitigando su efecto. Este trabajo muestra la efectividad de nuestra propuesta con simulaciones desarrolladas sobre Matlab y Simulink para un sistema de cuatro tanques.  Resultados:  Este trabajo demuestra que se puede diseñar un banco de observadores de entrada desconocida para recuperar la información real de sensores atacados, i.e., la información del sensor sin el efecto del ataque. Por lo tanto, el estimado obtenido de dicho banco de observadores puede utilizarse para para recalcular la acción de control que mitigue el efecto del ataque.  Conclusiones:  Esta mitigación previene que ataques en algún sensor puedan comprometer significativamente el desempeño del sistema, mejorando su resiliencia a partir únicamente de la modificación de la arquitectura del controlador digital. Este desarrollo está limitado a ataques que ocurren uno a la vez en cualquier sensor, pero que aún así pueden afectar fuertemente el desempeño del sistema. Los trabajos futuros abordarán la extensión de los resultados a situaciones donde ocurran ataques simultáneos en más de un sensor y/o considerarán ataques en los actuadores del sistema.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cyber-physical systems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[unknown input observer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sensor attack]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[false data injection.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistemas ciberfísicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[observador de entrada desconocida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ataques en sensores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inyección de datos falsos.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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