<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0121-750X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[ing.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0121-750X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0121-750X2023000400206</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14483/23448393.19925</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Optimization of Recommender Systems Using Particle Swarms]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Optimización de sistemas recomendadores usando enjambre de partículas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelvez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nancy Yaneth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil-Ruíz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayona-Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jhon Fredy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Internacional de La Rioja  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Rioja ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad ECCI  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0121-750X2023000400206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0121-750X2023000400206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0121-750X2023000400206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background:  ecommender systems are one of the most widely used technologies by electronic businesses and internet applications as part of their strategies to improve customer experiences and boost sales. Recommender systems aim to suggest content based on its characteristics and on user preferences. The best recommender systems are able to deliver recommendations in the shortest possible time and with the least possible number of errors, which is challenging when working with large volumes of data.  Method: This article presents a novel technique to optimize recommender systems using particle swarm algorithms. The objective of the selected genetic algorithm is to find the best hyperparameters that minimize the difference between the expected values and those obtained by the recommender system.  Results:  The algorithm demonstrates viability given the results obtained, highlighting its simple implementation and the minimal and easily attainable computational resources necessary for its execution.  Conclusions:  It was possible to develop an algorithm using the most convenient properties of particle swarms in order to optimize recommender systems, thus achieving the ideal behavior for its implementation in the proposed scenario.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Contexto:  Los sistemas recomendadores son una de las tecnologías más ampliamente utilizadas por comercios electrónicos y aplicaciones de internet como parte de sus estrategias para mejorar la experiencia de sus clientes y aumentar sus ventas. El sistema recomendador tiene por objetivo sugerir contenido basado en las características del mismo y en las preferencias de los usuarios. Los mejores sistemas recomendadores deben estar en la capacidad de entregar las recomendaciones en el menor tiempo y con el menor error posibles, lo cual constituye un desafío cuando se trabaja con grandes volúmenes de datos.  Método:  En este artículo se presenta una técnica novedosa para optimizar sistemas recomendadores utilizando algoritmos de enjambre de partículas. El objetivo del algoritmo genético seleccionado es encontrar los mejores hiperparámetros que minimicen la diferencia entre los valores esperados y los obtenidos por el sistema recomendador.  Resultados:  El algoritmo demuestra viabilidad dados los resultados obtenidos, destacando que su implementación es sencilla y los recursos computacionales necesarios para su ejecución son mínimos y de fácil acceso.  Conclusiones: Fue posible desarrollar un algoritmo utilizando las propiedades más convenientes del enjambre de partículas para optimizar los sistemas recomendadores, logrando el comportamiento ideal para su implementación en el escenario planteado.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[recommender systems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[optimization using particle swarm]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[collaborative filters]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[unsupervised systems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sistemas Recomendadores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Optimización usando Enjambre de Partículas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Filtros Co- laborativos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sistemas no Supervisados.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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