<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-5383</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[C.T.F Cienc. Tecnol. Futuro]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-5383</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP) - ECOPETROL S.A.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-53832024000200067</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29047/01225383.1404</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[AN INNOVATIVE SIMULATION METHODOLOGY FOR HYBRID TECHNOLOGY WITH NANOCATALYST-ENHANCED SOLVENT (HYB-SEN) AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS IN CYCLIC STEAM STIMULATION]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[UNA METODOLOGÍA DE SIMULACIÓN INNOVADORA PARA TECNOLOGÍA HÍBRIDA CON UN SOLVENTE MEJORADO CON NANOCATALIZADORES (HYB-SEN) COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA MEJORAR LOS INDICADORES AMBIENTALES EN INYECCIÓN CÍCLICA DE VAPOR]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz Cañas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugo Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patiño Ramirez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,SGS Colombia, SAS  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ecopetrol S.A  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Piedecuesta Santander]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>78</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-53832024000200067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-53832024000200067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-53832024000200067&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Pursuant to the goals of sustainable development, and in line with current energy needs, it is increasingly necessary to create more energy-efficient processes, and reduce their carbon footprint. New energy-efficient technologies for heavy oil recovery must be developed, such as hybrid technologies, where some additives are used for steam injection processes. One of the hybrid technologies with good potential for energy-efficient heavy oil recovery is cyclic steam injection with solvents enhanced with nanocatalysts (HYB-SEN), which could also generate oil upgrading by pseudo-aquathermolysis reactions. According to the above, this research focused on evaluating the impact on the reduction of greenhouse gases of the hybrid steam technology with naphtha-based nanofluids concerning the conventional cyclic steam injection (CSS). For this purpose, a simulation model for conventional cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) called the CSS baseline was created, including the pseudo-aquathermolysis reaction and the reaction kinetics based on experimental tests such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), analysis of gases and fluids after coreflooding tests in the presence and absence of nanocatalysts, physicochemical characterization tests of crude oil, naphtha, among others, as well as fluid properties software. On the other hand, the reduction in the production of greenhouse gases by hybrid technology concerning the CSS baseline was calculated. The impact of the hybrid technology on the injection scenarios was determined through the proposed environmental indicators like energy efficiency, reduction of Basic Sediment and Water (BSW), and reduction of carbon footprint reflected in lower carbon -intensity, among others, by numerical simulation. The results of the hybrid technology with nanocatalysts simulation showed an increase in oil recovery of an additional 3756.5 Bbl of crude oil compared to the conventional technique and a reduction greater than 18% for the CO2 production compared to conventional cyclical steam injection. Further, the environmental impact analysis of the scenario concerning the baseline was evaluated, finding a positive impact on energy efficiency improvement, reduction of BSW, and reduction of carbon footprint reflected in lower carbon-intensity, among others. Additionally, hybrid technology results in an additional benefit with the use of raw materials such as naphtha in crude oil transportation, used at the field, which implies a reduction in their subsequent use due to the improvement of crude oil properties. The foregoing indicates that hybrid steam technology with naphtha-based nanomaterials not only generates positive impacts on oil recovery compared to the conventional technique, but also has a positive effect by enhancing energy efficiency and reducing carbon footprint.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN De acuerdo con las metas de desarrollo sostenible y alineado con las necesidades energéticas actuales cada vez se hace más necesario generar procesos más eficientes energéticamente y reducir la huella de carbono asociada al proceso. Debido a esta necesidad, se requiere generar tecnologías más eficientes para la recuperación de petróleo basadas en las ya existentes para crudo pesado como lo es la inyección de vapor, a raíz de esto surgen las denominadas tecnologías híbridas. Una de las tecnologías híbridas que podría tener un buen potencial en la recuperación eficiente de crudos pesados es la inyección cíclica de vapor con solventes mejorados con nanocatalizadores, el cual además podría generar mejoramiento de crudos pesados en procesos de recobro térmico, específicamente en reacciones de acuatermólisis ocurridas en procesos de inyección de vapor. Debido a lo anterior, este trabajo se centró en la estimación del impacto en la reducción de gases de efecto invernadero de la tecnología híbrida de vapor con nanofluidos base nafta respecto a la tecnología convencional de inyección cíclica de vapor (CSS). Para este fin se generó un modelo de simulación para la inyección cíclica de vapor (CSS) convencional denominada caso base en la que se incluyó la reacción de acuatermólisis y la cinética de la reacción los cuales se basan en pruebas experimentales como análisis termogravimétrico (TGA), análisis de gases y fluidos posterior al desplazamiento en presencia y ausencia de nanocatalizadores, pruebas de caracterización fisicoquímica de crudo, nafta entre otros, así como un software de propiedades de los fluidos. Por otro lado, se determinaron los gases de efecto invernadero de la tecnología híbrida y se evaluó su reducción respecto al caso base. De acuerdo con los indicadores ambientales propuestos se evaluó el impacto ambiental de la tecnología híbrida con el escenario de inyección propuesto y desarrollado mediante simulación numérica. Los resultados de la simulación de la tecnología híbrida con nanocatalizadores mostraron un incremento de recobro para este caso de 3756.5 Bbl adicionales de crudo respecto a la técnica convencional y una reducción superior al 18% para la producción de CO2 respecto a la inyección cíclica de vapor convencional. Por otro lado, se realizó el análisis de impacto ambiental del escenario evaluado respecto al caso base encontrándose un impacto positivo respecto a mejora de la eficiencia energética, reducción de BSW, reducción de huella de carbono reflejado en una menor carbono-intensidad entre otros. Adicionalmente, la tecnología híbrida presenta un beneficio adicional con el uso de materias primas como la nafta en transporte de crudo, empleándolas en yacimiento, lo que implica una reducción en su uso posterior debido a la mejora de las propiedades del crudo. Lo anterior, indica que la tecnología híbrida de vapor con nanofluidos base nafta no solo genera impactos positivos en productividad, es decir mayor recobro respecto a la técnica convencional, sino que además impacta positivamente en la mejora de la eficiencia energética y la reducción de huella de carbono.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hybrid technology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nanocatalyst]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[energy efficiency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental indicators]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cyclic steam stimulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tecnología híbrida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nanocatalizador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[eficiencia energética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[indicadores ambientales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inyección cíclica de vapor]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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