<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0122-7483</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Universitas Scientiarum]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Univ. Sci.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0122-7483</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0122-74832019000100049</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.11144/javeriana.sc24-1.ioit</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Influence of indentation test factors on the mechanical response of the skin]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Influencia de los factores experimentales de la indentación en la respuesta mecánica de la piel]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Influência dos fatores experimentais da indentação na resposta mecânica da pele]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isaza L]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesica A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacroix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Damien]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salcedo-Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>49</fpage>
<lpage>72</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0122-74832019000100049&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0122-74832019000100049&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0122-74832019000100049&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This study proposes in vivo tests and design of experiments to determine the influence of experimental factors on the mechanical response of the soft tissue. The experimental factors considered are: room temperature (A), indentation velocity (B), indenter temperature (C), pump pressure (D) and muscle activation (E). An inverse method was developed to obtain the constants for constitutive equations of a multilayer biological model (skin, hypodermis, and muscle) through the use of indentation tests in combination with a finite element method. For each combination of the experimental factors, two groups of constants were established from the inverse method. Sixteen combinations of experimental conditions and their corresponding constants for the Mooney-Rivlin constitutive equations were obtained to be used in further numerical models. The factor D and factor interactions ADE, CDE, and ACDE were statistically significant with respect to skin mechanical response. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is not a current equation able to represent the mechanical properties of the skin under all the experimental conditions considered in this study]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este estudio propone pruebas in vivo y diseño de experimentos para determinar la influencia de los factores experimentales en la respuesta mecánica de tejidos blandos. Los factores experimentales considerados son: temperatura ambiente (A) velocidad de indentación (B), temperatura del indentador (C), presión de bombeo (D) y activación muscular (E). Se desarrolló un método inverso con el fin de obtener las constantes para las ecuaciones constitutivas de un modelo biológico de multicapa (piel, hipodermis y músculo) a través del uso de pruebas de indentación en combinación con el método del elemento finito. Para cada combinación de los factores experimentales, se establecieron dos grupos de constantes del método inverso. Se obtuvieron dieciséis combinaciones de condiciones experimentales y sus correspondientes constantes para las ecuaciones constitutivas de Moorney-Rivlin, que se pueden usar en futuros modelos numéricos. El factor D y las interacciones de los factores ADE, CDE y ACDE fueron estadísticamente significativas con respecto a la respuesta mecánica de la piel. En consecuencia, se puede concluir que no hay actualmente una ecuación capaz de representar las propiedades mecánicas de la piel bajo las condiciones experimentales consideradas en este estudio.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Este estudo propõe ensaios in vivo e desenho de experimentos para determinar a influência dos fatores experimentais na resposta mecânica de tecidos moles. Os fatores experimentais considerados são: temperatura ambiente (A), velocidade de indentação (B), temperatura de indentação (C), pressão de bomba (D) e ativação muscular (E). Desenvolveu-se um método invertido com o fim de obter as constantes para a equação constitutivas de um modelo biológico de multicapa (pele, hipoderme e músculo) por meio do uso de ensaios de indentacao em combinação com o método do elemento finito. Para cada combinação dos fatores experimentais, se estabeleceram dois grupos de constantes do método inverso. Obtiveram-se dezesseis combinações de condições experimentais e suas constantes correspondentes para as equações constitutivas de Mooney- Rivlin, que podem ser usadas em futuros modelos numéricos. O fator D e as interações dos fatores ADE, CDE e ACDE foram estatisticamente significativas com respeito a resposta mecânica da pele. Assim sendo, se pode concluir que não há atualmente uma equação capaz de representar as propriedades mecânicas da pele baixo as condições experimentais consideradas neste estudo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Finite element method]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inverse analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[constitutive equation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human skin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[método del elemento finito]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis inverso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecuación constitutiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[piel humana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[método do elemento finito]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[análise inversa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[equação constituinte]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pele humana]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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