<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-4226</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.udcaactual.divulg.cient.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-4226</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-42262021000100011</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31910/rudca.v24.n1.2021.1677</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of the energy level of the diet of Holstein cows in early and mid-lactation on the sanitary and hygienic quality of milk]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto del nivel energético de la dieta de vacas Holstein en lactancia temprana y media sobre la calidad higiénica y sanitaria de la leche]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Esteban]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Albeiro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echeverri-Zuluaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Julián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Research Group on Biodiversity and Molecular Genetics - BIOGEM ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín Antioquia]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Research Group on Biodiversity and Molecular Genetics - BIOGEM ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín Antioquia]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Research Group on Biodiversity and Molecular Genetics - BIOGEM ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín Antioquia]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-42262021000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-42262021000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-42262021000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT During the first weeks of lactation, the energy balance of dairy cows is generally negative, allowing for decompensation in a variety of tissues and systems, especially the immune system. The energy levels of a cow's diet during the first third of lactation, in specialized dairying, will modulate the immune system functionality of the mammary glands. The aim of this study was to assess the sanitary quality of milk through the somatic cell score (SCS), the colony-forming units (CFU), and the isolated bacteria of Holstein cows with different energy levels in the diet. Thus, 24 Holstein cows were studied during their first third of lactation, after the lactation peak (50 to 100 lactation days). They were assigned into 4 treatments, taking into account the energy requirements of each animal: Isoenergetic (ISO), Hypoenergetic (HYPO), Hyper energetic (HYPER), and Isoenergetic plus sunflower oil supplementation (OIL). Milk samples were taken for the somatic cell count (SCC) and CFUs, and isolated pathogens in milk were identified by microbiological culture. The diet had a significant effect on SCS with a value p of 0.0331, but not on the CFUs (p&lt; 0.5141). 11 pathogens were identified and in 33.9% of samples, microorganisms were not isolated. The Isoenergetic diet favors the presence of some microorganisms and the increase of SCS.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En las primeras semanas de lactancia, generalmente, el balance energético de la vaca lechera es negativo, determinando una descompensación en diferentes tejidos y sistemas, en especial, el inmunológico. Los niveles de energía en la dieta de vacas, en primer tercio de lactancia en lechería especializada, modularán la funcionalidad del sistema inmune en glándula mamaria. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la calidad sanitaria de la leche, a través de la medición de células somáticas (SCS), las unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) y las bacterias aisladas de vacas Holstein, con diferentes niveles de energía en la dieta. Se usaron 24 vacas Holstein en el primer tercio de gestación, posterior al pico de lactancia (entre 50 y 100 días de lactancia), dispuestas en 4 tratamientos, de acuerdo con el cubrimiento de los requerimientos energéticos del animal: isoenergético (ISO), hipoenergético (HIPO), hiperenergetico (HIPER) e isoenergético más suplementación con aceite de girasol (ACEITE). Se tomaron muestras de leche para el recuento de células somáticas (RCS) y UFC y se identificaron patógenos en leche, por cultivos microbiológicos. La dieta tuvo un efecto significativo sobre el SCS, con un valor p de 0.0331 y no sobre las UFC (p&lt;0.5141). Se identificaron 11 patógenos y en 33,96% de las muestras no se aislaron microorganismos. La dieta isoenergética favorece la presencia de algunos microorganismos y el aumento del SCS.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antibiotics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diet energy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mastitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microorganisms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Milk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Antibióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Energía dietaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mastitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Microorganismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leche]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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