0123-5923
0123-5923
S0123-59232022000100045
10.18046/j.estger.2022.162.4586
Perú
Chile
Chile
Peru
00
03
2022
00
03
2022
38
162
45
56
[
2008
35
121-32
]
[
2018
51
501-14
]
[
2021
]
[
2020
]
[
1997
9
1
1
21-31
]
[
1999
13
2
2
141-54
]
[
2013
]
[
2019
20
2
2
119-29
]
[
2019
]
[
2018
]
[
2000
43
5
5
909-24
]
[
2016
45
1
1
42-55
]
[
2005
20
663-87
]
[
1998
13
5
5
467-92
]
[
2011
]
[
2018
]
[
2020
]
[
2017
49
31-54
]
[
2018
53
393-408
]
[
2019
26
4
4
510-32
]
[
2004
110
2
2
349-99
]
[
2014
24
141-51
]
[
2014
27
3
3
386-401
]
[
2011
22
43
43
19-32
]
[
2010
45
140-62
]
[
2007
35
6
6
12-7
]
[
2020
60
4-23
]
[
2019
32-51
]
[
2014
33
8
8
1-16
]
[
1996
11
1
1
41-55
]
[
2014
106
1
1
199-210
]
[
2014
7
1
1
48-56
]
[
1999
1st
]
[
1990
5
5
5
297-312
]
[
2011
]
[
Endeavor
2020
]
[
Endeavor Chile
2020
]
[
Endeavor Perú
2020
]
[
1990
11
2
2
87-98
]
[
2003
21
145-52
]
[
1997
]
[
1998
10
3
3
263-72
]
[
2011
117
2
2
484-538
]
[
2001
22
6-7
6-7
479-91
]
[
2001
]
[
2020
]
[
2012
3
6
6
44-55
]
[
1997
75
1
1
103-12
]
[
2010
8
1-35
]
[
2001
42
53-61
]
[
2018
27-44
]
[
2017
24
2
2
310-31
]
[
2012
5
1
1
38-45
]
[
2008
15-38
]
[
2014
]
[
2015
]
[
1988
14
2
2
139-61
]
[
1987
2
1
1
29-39
]
[
2016
20
1
1
167-83
]
[
OECD
2007
3
]
[
OECD/Eurostat
2018
4
]
[
1998
15
5
5
390-402
]
[
2000
14
3
3
165-82
]
[
2000
79
2
2
523-46
]
[
2002
1-126
]
[
2005
14
2
2
147-66
]
[
2017
33
115-23
]
[
1997
9
6
6
523-37
]
[
1986
1
3
3
295-306
]
[
2019
40
32
32
4-19
]
[
1997
22
1
1
5-24
]
[
2015
24
1
1
83-116
]
[
2018
]
[
2009
33
141-9
]
[
1993
8
2
2
169-80
]
[
1995
10
4
4
303-29
]
[
2015
76
2
2
230-9
]
[
2003
18
2
2
145-64
]
[
2009
35
553-62
]
[
2019
45
3
3
926-54
]
[
1993
3
]
[
1994
2
]