0123-5923
0123-5923
S0123-59232024000400502
10.18046/j.estger.2024.173.6739
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
Colombia
00
12
2024
00
12
2024
40
173
502
515
[
2013
46
46
427-42
]
[
2019
62
3
3
383-93
]
[
2020
13
2
2
310-31
]
[
2018
39
6
6
1704-27
]
[
2021
]
[
2018
55
6
6
667-85
]
[
2019
23
23
]
[
2018
1
359-82
]
[
1971
]
[
1980
58
6
6
30-42
]
[
2017
50
3
3
310-21
]
[
2016
53
2
2
148-80
]
[
2019
]
[
2020
]
[
Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
2022
]
[
2017
50
3
3
322-36
]
[
2019
10
4
4
338-58
]
[
1990
]
[
2021
00
1-12
1-12
]
[
CEPAL
OECD
CAF
Unión Europea
2023
]
[
1962
]
[
2007
50
1
1
57-76+53-54
]
[
2019
307-25
]
[
2019
40
3
3
343-70
]
[
2018
51
4
4
561-79
]
[
2022
15
1
1
54-75
]
[
2019
9
9
9
35-43
]
[
1982
8
4
4
777-95
]
[
2018
Segunda edición ed
]
[
2021
30
3
3
651-73
]
[
2017
50
3
3
337-54
]
[
1984
]
[
2022
]
[
2019
289-304
]
[
2015
]
[
2019
87-105
]
[
2017
50
3
3
298-309
]
[
2017
55
9
9
1956-83
]
[
2018
54
1
1
5-35
]
[
2021
30
2
2
]
[
2017
50
3
3
355-70
]
[
2007
60
1
1
5-27
]
[
2008
29
11
11
]
[
2009
11
1
1
69-95
]
[
2008
17
4
4
282-6
]
[
2020
33
4
4
1-16
]
[
2017
50
3
3
371-84
]
[
2005
]
[
2019
121-35
]
[
2017
50
3
3
397-410
]
[
2021
19
4
4
553-78
]
[
2016
14
3
3
450-60
]
[
2016
]
[
2020
29
2
2
]
[
2020
53
5
5
]
[
2019
136-50
]
[
2015
]
[
2016
54
7
7
1595-614
]
[
2019
57
4
4
1595-615
]
[
2021
]
[
2008
61
4
4
565-88
]
[
2019
35
35
165-93
]
[
2022
133-84
]
[
2022
186-229
]
[
2019
186-204
]
[
2010
10
2
2
199-228
]
[
2005
26
3
3
465-84
]
[
2010
96
96
11-9
]
[
2019
a
343
]
[
2019
b
9-18
]
[
2019
12
3
3
363-77
]
[
2018
21
1
1
646-66
]
[
1978
6
1
1
]
[
2020
12
1
1
36-41
]
[
2024
32
4
4
443-62
]
[
1995
]
[
2006
]
[
2019
221-40
]
[
2024
1-49
]
[
2017
26
3
3
163-84
]
[
2019
27-40
]
[
2012
60
1
1
285-336
]
[
2019
41-58
]
[
2003
14
2
2
]
[
2019
2019
]
[
2019
]
[
2011
22
3
3
531-44
]
[
2017
50
3
3
411-22
]