<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0123-9392</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Infectio]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Infect.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0123-9392</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Infectología.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0123-93922026000100017</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22354/24223794.1266</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Directrices unificadas para la interpretación y manejo de las viremias de bajo nivel persistentes del VIH en Colombia. Declaración de consenso]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Unified Guidelines for the Interpretation and Management of Persistent Low-Level HIV Viremia in Colombia: A Consensus Statement]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Buitrago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valderrama-Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Sabogal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iván]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katime-Zuñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abraham]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Otto Sussmann]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda-Luquerna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ximena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oñate-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jose]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arévalo-Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara-Samur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hernán Darío]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario San Ignacio  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital San Vicente Fundación  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Magdalena  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Rosario  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centros Médicos Colsanitas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af9">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Mayor de Mederi  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A10">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica de Occidente de Cali  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A11">
<institution><![CDATA[,Infectoclínicos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A12">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Militar Central  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>26</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0123-93922026000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0123-93922026000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0123-93922026000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: El manejo de personas que viven con VIH ha experimentado avances significativos en las últimas décadas con el tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR); sin embargo, los profesionales de la salud continúan enfrentando desafíos en el manejo clínico, particularmente en lo que respecta a la interpretación de la carga viral y la toma de decisiones terapéuticas. El objetivo de este estudio fue unificar definiciones y directrices para la interpretación y manejo de las viremias de bajo nivel persistentes en personas con VIH que reciben terapia antirretroviral en Colombia.  Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática de la literatura en torno a cuatro preguntas clínicas. La evidencia se clasificó según los niveles del Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (2009). Se empleó un consenso Delphi modificado con expertos nacionales. El umbral de consenso fuerte se definió como el acuerdo de al menos el 80% de los expertos participantes.  Resultados: Se revisaron dieciocho documentos relevantes. Se desarrollaron doce recomendaciones con consenso fuerte, enfocadas en la definición de viremias de bajo nivel persistente, el uso dirigido de genotipificación a partir de 200 copias/mL y la transición a esquemas de alta barrera genética.  Discusión: Estudios recientes sugieren que la viremia de bajo nivel persistentemente detectable puede aumentar el riesgo de resistencia emergente y de fracaso virológico. Este documento adopta un enfoque más conservador y clínico, en línea con las recomendaciones del DHHS y de GeSIDA. Se enfatiza la importancia de evaluar la adherencia, optimizar los esquemas y usar la genotipificación de manera juiciosa. En conclusión, la evaluación cuidadosa de la adherencia, la utilización de esquemas de alta barrera genética y un enfoque individualizado permiten optimizar la atención de las personas con VIH con viremias de bajo nivel persistentes, especialmente en escenarios clínicos de incertidumbre.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: The management of people living with HIV has seen significant advances in recent decades with antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, healthcare professionals continue to face challenges in clinical management, particularly in viral load interpretation and therapeutic decision-making. This study aimed to standardize the definitions and guidelines for the interpretation and management of persistent low-level viremia in people with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Colombia.  Materials and methods: A systematic review of the literature addressing four clinical questions was performed. Evidence was classified according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (2009). A modified Delphi consensus method was employed, which involved national experts. The strong consensus threshold was defined as reaching agreement among 80% of the participating experts.  Results: Eighteen relevant documents were reviewed in this study. Twelve recommendations with strong consensus were developed, focusing on the definition of persistent low-level viremia, targeted genotyping from 200 copies/mL, and the transition to regimens with a high genetic barrier.  Discussion: Recent studies suggest that persistently detectable low-level viremia may increase the risk of emerging resistance and virologic failure. This document adopts a more conservative, clinically oriented approach, in line with the recommendations of the DHHS and GeSIDA. The importance of assessing adherence, optimizing regimens, and judiciously using genotyping is emphasized. In conclusion, careful assessment of adherence, use of high genetic barrier regimens, and an individualized approach optimize care for people with HIV with persistent low-level viremia, especially in uncertain clinical scenarios.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[VIH-1]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carga viral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[viremia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia a medicamentos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[genotipo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[guías de práctica clínica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[HIV]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[viral load]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[viremia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[drug resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genotype]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[clinical practice guidelines]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaçe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rindi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Compagno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colagrossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santoro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Managing low-level HIV viraemia in antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sex Transm Infect]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>460-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Prevalence of Low-level Viraemia and Its Association with Virological Failure in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Emerg Microbes Infect]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>2447613</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lailulo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kitenge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aluko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nyasulu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors associated with antiretroviral treatment failure among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in resource-poor settings: a systematic review and metaanalysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>292</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteban-Cantos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montejano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Centeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arribas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Non-suppressible viraemia during HIV-1 therapy: a challenge for clinicians]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet HIV]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>e333-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Cuenta de Alto Costo C. Situacion del VIH en Colombia 2024]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo Colombiano de Enfermedades de Alto Costo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Broyles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boeras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vojnov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The risk of sexual transmission of HIV in individuals with low-level HIV viraemia: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Lancet]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>402</volume>
<numero>10400</numero>
<issue>10400</issue>
<page-range>464-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crespo-Bermejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Arellano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara-Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valle-Millares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Lus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madrid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Persistent low-Level viremia in persons living with HIV undertreatment: An unresolved status]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Virulence]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>2919-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etemad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bedwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharaf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Viral and host mediators of non-suppressible HIV-1 viremia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Med]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>3212-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khangura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subramonian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Severn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Risk of Sexual Transmission of HIV With Antiretroviral Therapy and Variable or Suppressed Viral Load: CADTH Health Technology Review]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ottawa (ON) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanners]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benitez-Burke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[HIV: how to manage low-level viraemia in people living with HIV]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drugs Context]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>2021-8-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rindi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaçe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Compagno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colagrossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santoro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of low-level HIV viremia during antiretroviral therapy: Delphi consensus statement and appraisal of the evidence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sex Transm Infect]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>442-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nanyeenya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiwanuka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakanjako]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakigozi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kibira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SPS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nabadda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Low-level viraemia: An emerging concern among people living with HIV in Uganda and across sub-Saharan Africa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Afr J Lab Med]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1899</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence of low-level viremia and its impact on virologic failure among people living with HIV who started an integrase strand transfer inhibitors: a longitudinal cohort study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ouyang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[HIV-1 Drug Resistance Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing among ART-Naïve Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Viruses]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>239</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horsburgh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelleher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lloyd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giallonardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Next-Generation Sequencing Methods for Near-Real-Time Molecular Epidemiology of HIV and HCV]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Med Virol]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pröll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skocic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freystetter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blaimschein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New Aspects of the Virus Life Cycle and Clinical Utility of Next Generation Sequencing based HIV-1 Resistance Testing in the Genomic, the Proviral, and the Viral Reservoir of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr HIV Res]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>213-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lv]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role of Proviral HIV-1 DNA Genotyping for People Living with HIV (PLWH) Who Had Low-Level Viremia While Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infect Drug Resist]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>4697-706</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>DHHS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents With HIV]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Page]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKenzie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bossuyt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boutron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mulrow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<numero>372</numero>
<issue>372</issue>
<page-range>n71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Chatgpt - Consensus Academic Search Engine]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[ChatGPT]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keeney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKenna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Adv Nurs]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1008-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine: Levels of Evidence]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>GeSIDA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Plan Nacional sobre el SIDA. Arribas JR, Polo R, Bautista A, Antela A, Flores J, et al. Documento de consenso de GeSIDA/Plan Nacional sobre el SIDA respecto al tratamiento antirretroviral en adultos infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[GeSIDA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>World Health Organization 2023</collab>
<source><![CDATA[The role of HIV viral suppression in improving individual health and reducing transmission]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WHO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ying]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical significance and management of low-level HIV viremia in the era of integrase strand transfer inhibitors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[HIV Med]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>361-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munyayi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Wyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interventions to Improve Treatment Outcomes among Adolescents on Antiretroviral Therapy with Unsuppressed Viral Loads: A Systematic Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Environ Res Public Health]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>3940</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, Empresa, Nacional Promotora del Desarrollo Territorial e Instituto, de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guía de Práctica Clínica basada en la evidencia científica para la atención de la infección por VIH/SIDA en personas adultas, gestantes y adolescentes. Versión para profesionales de salud]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Minsalud]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>GeSIDA Resistencia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Documento sobre interpretación y utilidad clínica de los estudios de resistencia a antirretrovirales]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[GeSIDA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gandhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landovitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sax]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Springer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Günthard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV in Adults: 2024 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society- USA Panel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>333</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>609-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
