<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0124-4108</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Perspectivas en Nutrición Humana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Perspect Nut Hum]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0124-4108</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0124-41082016000200205</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.penh.v18n2a06</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Microbiota intestinal y ácidos grasos de cadena corta en pacientes críticos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Critically Ill Patients]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agudelo-Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gloria M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giraldo-Giraldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nubia A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrera-Causil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés-Duque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>205</fpage>
<lpage>222</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0124-41082016000200205&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0124-41082016000200205&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0124-41082016000200205&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes: diversos estudios han mostrado cambios en la microbiota intestinal (MI) y los ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC) en pacientes críticos con síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SRIS).  Objetivo: revisar la evidencia sobre el papel de la MI y los AGCC en pacientes críticos y su modulación con prebióticos, probióticos y simbióticos.  Materiales y métodos: búsqueda de artículos en bases de datos bibliográficas Pubmed, Science Direct, Ovid, Medline y Scopus, utilizando como descriptores microbiota, paciente crítico, unidad de cuidados intensivos, síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, ácidos grasos de cadena corta, probióticos, prebióticos y simbióticos.  Resultados: la MI en pacientes críticos está disminuida tanto en número de bacterias como en diversidad, lo cual puede resultar en una desregulación de la respuesta inmune sistémica ante la invasión de microorganismos patógenos. Los cambios en los AGCC en pacientes críticos se atribuyen a una disminución de bacterias anaerobias obligadas y sustratos de fermentación necesarios para su producción. La modulación de la MI con probióticos, prebióticos y simbióticos sugiere mejoría en la función intestinal.  Conclusiones: la MI y los AGCC en pacientes críticos se encuentran alterados, de ahí que mantener el equilibrio en el entorno intestinal probablemente desempeñe una función clave para disminuir complicaciones y mejorar su pronóstico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Different studies have shown changes in gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in critically ill patients with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Aim: To review the evidence about the role of gut microbiota and SCFAs in critically patients and its modulation with prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotic.  Materials and Methods: A search of the literature in Pubmed, Science Direct, Ovid, Medline and Scopus databases was conducted. The terms used were microbiota, critically ill, intensive care unit, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, short-chain fatty acids, prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotic.  Results: The intestinal microbiota in critically ill patients is reduced in number and diversity, which can lead to dysregulation of the systemic immune response to the pathogenic invasion. Changes in SCFAs in critically ill patients are attributed to a decrease of obligate anaerobic bacteria and the fermentation substrates required for its production. The gut microbiota modulation with prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotic suggest improvement in bowel function.  Conclusions: Gut microbiota and SCFAs are altered in critically ill patients; therefore, maintaining the intestinal environment is key for reducing complications and improving prognosis.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[paciente crítico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microbiota]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ácidos grasos de cadena corta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[probióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prebióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[simbióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Critically ill]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[microbiota]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[short-chain fatty acids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[systemic inflammatory response syndrome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[probiotics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[prebiotics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[synbiotics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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