<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1909-3063</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.relac.int.estrateg.segur.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1909-3063</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Militar Nueva Granada]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1909-30632023000200033</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18359/ries.6679</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis del acuerdo de hermanamiento entre el GAD del cantón Olmedo con la ciudad de Newark (Nueva Jersey), de Estados Unidos, desde la paradiplomacia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysis of the Twinning Agreement between the Decentralized Autonomous Government of the Olmedo Canton and the city of Newark (New Jersey), United States, from the Perspective of Paradiplomacy]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Análise do acordo de geminação entre o Governo Autônomo Descentralizado do cantão de Olmedo e a cidade de Newark (Nova Jersey), nos Estados Unidos, a partir da paradiplomacia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bravo Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Investigador independiente  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Loja ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>42</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1909-30632023000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1909-30632023000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1909-30632023000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La política exterior abarca un amplio espectro de análisis en cuanto a las relaciones entre actores políticos gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, entre otros. Tal es el caso de este estudio, en el cual se explica el hermanamiento entre el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del cantón Olmedo con el Ayuntamiento de Newark (New Jersey), que condujo a resultados como el enlace entre actores estatales seccionales, sin la intervención principal del Estado. Para ello, se aplicó un estudio exploratorio por medio de una revisión documental que permitió extraer y analizar los elementos más importantes de la paradiplomacia, a partir de las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿qué factores explican el acuerdo de hermanamiento entre el cantón Olmedo y el Ayuntamiento de Newark?, y ¿cuál fue la dinámica de la relación entre dichos actores? Se analizaron cinco factores, que ayudaron a discutir el hermanamiento entre ambos gobiernos subnacionales: autonomía y descentralizaciones, intereses económicos y comerciales, promoción de identidad cultural, redes fronterizas y fuentes de financiamiento. Además, se estudiaron elementos de estructura gubernamental, actividad económica y acción política, para comprender el contexto de la relación entre Olmedo y Newark. Finalmente, la paradiplomacia en este caso de estudio se ha revelado como una herramienta clave para el fortalecimiento de las relaciones internacionales y el desarrollo de actividades en el ámbito político, social, cultural y económico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Foreign policy encompasses a broad spectrum of analysis regarding the relationships between governmental and non-governmental political actors, among others. Such is the case in this study, which explains the twinning agreement between the Decentralized Autonomous Government of the Olmedo canton and the City of Newark (New Jersey), leading to outcomes such as the connection between subnational state actors without the main intervention of the State. To achieve this, an exploratory study was conducted through a documentary review that allowed the extraction and analysis of the most important elements of paradiplomacy, based on the following research questions: What factors explain the twinning agreement between the Olmedo canton and the City of Newark? and What was the dynamic of the relationship between these actors? Five factors were analyzed, helping to discuss the twinning between both subnational governments: autonomy and decentralizations, economic and commercial interests, promotion of cultural identity, border networks, and sources of funding. Additionally, elements of governmental structure, economic activity, and political action were studied to understand the context of the relationship between Olmedo and Newark. Finally, paradiplomacy in this case study has been revealed as a key tool for strengthening international relations and developing activities in the political, social, cultural, and economic spheres.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: A política externa abrange uma ampla gama de análises quanto às relações entre atores políticos governamentais e não governamentais, entre outros. Este é o caso do presente estudo, que explora o geminamento entre o Governo Autônomo Descentralizado do cantão de Olmedo e a Prefeitura de Newark (Nova Jersey), que resultou em uma ligação entre atores estaduais locais sem a intervenção direta do Estado central. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo exploratório por meio de uma revisão documental que permitiu extrair e analisar os elementos mais importantes da pa-radiplomacia, com base nas seguintes questões de pesquisa: quais fatores explicam o acordo de geminação entre o cantão de Olmedo e a Prefeitura de Newark e qual foi a dinâmica da relação entre esses atores? Cinco fatores foram analisados para discutir o geminamento entre esses governos sub -nacionais: autonomia e descentralização, interesses econômicos e comerciais, promoção da identidade cultural, redes fronteiriças e fontes de financiamento. Além disso, foram estudados elementos da estrutura governamental, atividade econômica e ação política para compreender o contexto da relação entre Olmedo e Newark. Finalmente, a paradiplomacia neste caso de estudo revelou-se uma ferramenta fundamental para o fortalecimento das relações internacionais e o desenvolvimento de atividades nos âmbitos político, social, cultural e econômico.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[relaciones internacionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[economía política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política exterior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gobierno municipal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[International Relations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Political Economy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Foreign Policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Municipal Government]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[relações internacionais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[economia política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[política externa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[governo municipal]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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