Resumen

TAMAYO-BELDA, Eduardo. Nostalgia for the Empire and Paraguayan Nationalism: The Thoughts of the Spanish Ambassador Ernesto Giménez Caballero in Revelation of Paraguay. Hist. Soc. [online]. 2022, n.43, pp.141-180.  Epub 22-Ago-2022. ISSN 0121-8417.  https://doi.org/10.15446/hys.n43.99931.

The objective of this article was to detect, analyze and explain the relationship between the recent Paraguayan nationalist ideology and the process of Hispano-Guarani miscegenation during the period of Castilian conquest and colonization, as well as the assessment of the feminine nature -understood as subordination- of the Paraguayan-Guaraní part of said miscegenation process , quality overexploited by current Paraguayan nationalism. The objective concerns, therefore, two contemporary political units -Paraguay and Spain- separated after the Independence; however, Paraguayan nationalism was imbued with a strong Hispanic bias in the story of its national construction, which was also used by Spain as an element of historical ties to Paraguay (favoring political relations). To understand the relationship between both political units during the dictatorial period of both countries in the second half of the 20th century, a fundamental source was analyzed: the writings of the Spanish ambassador to Paraguay, Ernesto Giménez Caballero (particularly his book Revelation of Paraguay, 1958). In addition, the analysis of the story that is implicit in this source was compared with several recent works by other researchers about these same elements. The article derived the main elements of Ernesto Giménez Caballero's imperialist discourse -Hispanic heritage, miscegenation, catholicity- and several references or approximations of the political-ideological perspective of this avant-garde writer, fascist intellectual and Spanish Francoist diplomat, to the hegemonic national narrative of his imagined Paraguay; a Giménez Caballero who was not only a loyal servant to the Hispanic cause deployed by the dictatorial regime of Francisco Franco, but also maintained a close relationship with his Paraguayan counterpart -Alfredo Stroessner-, an affinity and sympathy that also reflected a notable ideological resonance.

Palabras clave : Ernesto Giménez Caballero; history; intellectual; cultural elite; historiography; speech; conquest; colony; nationalism; fascism; diplomacy; international relations; Francoism; Hispanism; intellectual history; Paraguay; Spain; miscegenation; women.

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