Abstract

RAMIREZ BELTRAN, Nelson; MORALES URIBE, Carlos Hernando; RAMIREZ MORALES, Carolina  and  SANCHEZ VELEZ, Catalina. Evaluation of laparoscopic placement of peritoneal catheter in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. rev. colomb. cir. [online]. 2007, vol.22, n.2, pp.116-123. ISSN 2011-7582.

Introduction: Continuous or automated ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is an option for patients that for one or other individual or social reason can not undergo hemodialysis. Success of the modality depends on the good function of the implanted catheter. Infection and malfunction due to mechanical obstruction are the main complications. Laparoscopy permits the secure and controlled implantation of the catheter in the pelvic cavity, as well as fixation of the greater omentum to the round ligament, thus preventing entrapment of the catheter by the omentum with subsequent mechanical outflow obstruction. Objective: To evaluate the functioning and complications of the peritoneal dialysis catheter placed by the laparoscopic method with fixation in the pelvis and omentopexy. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study on 109 patients older than 18 years, with terminal chronic renal insufficiency that underwent laparoscopic placement of the peritoneal catheter, covering the period January 2002 to June 2005 at Clínica Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia. Results: Sixty patients (55%) presented complications in this series of peritoneal catheter placement by the laparoscopic technique. The most common complication was infection, in 58 patients (53.2%); two patients (1.8%) developed outflow obstruction; one (0.9%) had persistent leakage of the dialysate, and in one the catheter broke (0.9%). There were no cases of hemorrhage, visceral perforation, or hernia. The average period of use of the peritoneal dialysis catheter was 13 months (DS 11.7), and the average survival time of the catheter was 34.4 months (CI 95% 31-1-37.6). Conclusions: Laparoscopic placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters reduces the risk of catheter obstruction by displacement or by omental entrapment, and a reduced rate of complications such as hernias and bleeding. The rate of infectious complications is similar to those observed when the catheter is placed by the open technique.

Keywords : peritoneal dyalisis; laparoscopy; cathetarization.

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